격조사 ga와 wo의 교체에 대해서 - 원망표현을 중심으로

• 영문명: On the Alternation of Case Particles ga and wo : Focusing on Expressions of Desire
• 발행기관: 일본어문학회
• 저자명: 박종승(Jong-Seung Park)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본어문학』第106輯, 49~80쪽, 전체 32쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 일본어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2024.08.31

국문 초록

The case particles ga and wo cause alternation phenomena in constructions involving the expression of desire, potential verbs, and adjectival sukida. This paper describes the alternation between ga and wo in the expressions of desire involving the auxiliary verb tai, focusing on classical Japanese, in light of research on contemporary Japanese. From the correspondence with the desire tai, it is clear that the frequency of the use of wo is overwhelmingly high. The use of ga was slightly more frequent until the Edo period, but the use of wo became more frequent after the Meiji period. First, in the tai construction, which corresponds to the case particle ga, the focus is on the NP of the object, which directs an “unspecified” object. The tai wishing statement, which takes the ga case, is an expression that describes the subject’s present hope as it is. The characteristics of tai constructions in the case wo are: (i) the first person pronoun is placed in the NP of the object; (ii) it indicates a object; (iii) it corresponds to a verbal noun; (iv) other words can intervene between the NP and VP; (v) the VP is weighted as what the subject wants; (vi) a strong statement of the subject’s will is expressed; (vii) the realization of the situation(desires) is acknowledged; (viii) the correspondence with negative expressions is more common than in the ga case; (ix) the predicate has a high transitivity.

영문 초록

格助詞の「が」と「を」は、願望表現·可能表現·形容詞のスキダを含む構 文において交替現象を起こす。本稿では、古典日本語を中心に助動詞のタイを含む願望表現における「が」と「を」の交替現象について現代日本語の研究を踏まえながら述べる。 願望のタイとの呼応からみると、ヲの使用頻度が圧倒的に高いことがわかる。江戸時代まではガの使用頻度がわずかながら高いが、明治以降ヲの使用頻度が高くなる。 まず、ガ格と呼応するタイ構文では、対象のNPに焦点が置かれ、<不特定>の対象を指示する。また、ガ格をとるタイ願望文は、主体の現在における希望をありのまま描写する表現である。ヲ格をとるタイ願望文の特徴としては、(1)対象のNPに一人称代名詞が据えられる、(2)<特定>の対象を指示し、(3)サ変動詞との呼応、(4)NPとVPとの間に他の要素が介在しうる、(5)主体がどうしたいかというようにVPにウェイトが置かれる、(6)主体の強い意志表明が表わされる、(7)事態(願望)の実現が認められる、(8)否定表現との呼応がガ格より一般的である、(9)他動性の高い述語が来る、などが挙げられる。

목차

1. 들어가기

2. 선행연구

3. Nガ/ヲVタイ 통계

4. 분석

5. 나오기

참고문헌

키워드

조동사 tai 교체 대상 초점 타동성 Auxiliary verb tai Alternation Object Focus Transitivity 助動詞のタイ 交替 対象 焦点 他動性