正当防卫中的急迫性判断与侵害回避义务——以最高裁平成29 年4 月26 日决定为中心

• 영문명: Evaluating Urgency and the Duty to Retreat in the Context of Self-Defense: Centered on the Supreme Court Ruling of April 26, 2017 (Heisei 29)
• 발행기관: YIXIN 출판사
• 저자명: Yang Runcheng
• 간행물 정보: 『Journal of east Asian law studies』Vol.2 No.2, 30~43쪽, 전체 14쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.06.30

국문 초록

In recent years, Japanese court decisions have adopted a stance on the issue of urgency in justifiable defense that aligns with the theory of the duty to avoid harm. This theory holds that requiring the defender to take measures to avoid the harm in advance when its occurrence can be anticipated contributes to the overall interests of society. However, this approach has been criticized for violating the principle of legal certainty, conflicting with the assessment of proportionality in defensive actions, and having vague standards of judgment. On the other hand, in judicial practice in China, the assessment of urgency in similar cases still seems to follow the framework where the mere anticipation of harm is sufficient to negate urgency. Therefore, studying relevant Japanese case law and legal theories may provide useful insights for judicial practice in China.

영문 초록

对于正当防卫中急迫性判断的问题，近年来日本判例采取了与侵害回避义务论相亲和的立场。该说认为，通过要求防卫人在预期到侵害可能发生时采取措施提前回避，有利于社会整体利益的向上。不过，该理论也招致了违反法确证原则、与防卫行为相当性判断存在矛盾、判断标准模糊等的批判。另一方面，在中国司法实务中，对于同类案件中急迫性的判断似乎仍采用有侵害的预期即可否定急迫性的框架。因此，通过对日本相关判例与理论的研究，或许能为中国司法实务带来一些启示。

목차

Ⅰ. 问题的引入

Ⅱ. 判例的新动向：平成29 年决定

Ⅲ. 侵害回避义务论

Ⅳ. 关于日本刑法第三十六条趣旨的新讨论

Ⅴ. 结语

参考文献

키워드

Justifiable defense Urgency: Expected infringement Duty to retreat 正当防卫 急迫性 侵害的预期 侵害回避义务