李滉의 審美修養에 관한 探索

• 영문명: A Study on Yi Hwang's Aesthetic Self Discipline
• 발행기관: 한국서예학회
• 저자명: 이재옥(Lee Jae-ok)
• 간행물 정보: 『서예학연구』서예학연구 제6호, 25~50쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 예술체육 > 예술일반
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2005.03.30

국문 초록

性理學者들은 自身들의 理氣論을 기반으로 心性의 다양한 문제를 해명하고 있다. 나아가 現實生活을 영위하는 存在者의 삶의 태도와 價値를 實現하기 위한 실천적 行爲인 修養의 문제를 哲學的 主題로 다룬다. 李滉의 道德的 人間觀 또한 삶의 價値에 대한 實踐的 관심 속에서 人間修養의 끊임없는 勞力을 보이고 있다. 나아가 그의 修養論은 修己的 측면에서 誠實性을 바탕으로 眞實无妄한 誠을 지향한다. 그러나 그 誠은 敬을 앞세우고 서야만 가능한 까닭에 敬이야 말로 李滉이 지향하는 人間 修行의 一貫하는 하나의 根本精神이다. 때문에 李滉은 靜상태에서 未發涵養의 敬 工夫에 치중한다. 이와 같은 修養工夫는 心體의 확충을 통해 社會實踐論으로 나아가게 된다. 따라서 李滉의 哲學체계는 本性에 대한 강조를 통하여 人間이 갖추어야할 根本, 즉 道德的․倫理的 規範의 모색이며 個人倫理의 측면에서 본다면 儒家의 內面化된 道德律인 禮와 맞닿아있다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 李滉의 哲學思惟는 人間의 本質的 價値를 實現하고 확충하는 한 方法으로 文藝를 通해 審美意識으로도 表出된다. 李滉은 文藝가 人間의 性情을 기르며 무엇보다도 理, 즉 本然之性을 드러내고 心性을 기르는데 중요한 역할을 한다고 보았다. 이러한 過程을 李滉은 性理學的 審美觀을 通해서 鄙陋한 마음을 씻고 感發하여 融通하는 경지에 이르게 한다는 自身의 文學的 世界觀을 제시함으로써 명확히 드러낸다. 이는 文學이 사람의 心性을 기르는 것을 사명으로 한다는 個人的 修養論을 代辯한다고 보는 것이다. 李滉은 光風霽月은 언제어디서든 우발적으로 나타날 수 있는 현상이지만 自然을 감상하는 主體인 人間의 淸明高原한 審美欲求는 늘상 일어나지 않는다고 한다. 無欲自得한 修養에 의해서만 가능한 경지이다. 이로 보면 李滉의 物我一體로서 天人合一은 仁을 체현하는 主體가 自身에게 있다는 人格的 主體의 中心이 前提되고 있다.

영문 초록

This study explores Yi Hwang's aesthetic self discipline corresponding to his artistic ideas and their modern meaning. The reasons to focus on Yi Hwang's aesthetic self discipline are as follows. Yi Hwang's aesthetic self discipline is effectively used as a way of recovering seriously discussed dehumanization among various civilization evils we face in our lives in modern society. Dehumanization means that human beings lose their well-born nature and the mindset to think and criticize subjectively. Modern men should recover the good nature with which we are born. Yi Hwang's philosophy focuses on the issue of humans living in the real world as moral beings without compromising their moral character. The purpose of his theory of self-cultivation is to realize humanity which makes ethically moral conduct practical through theoretical introspection toward the mind and nature. Yi Hwang thinks that art and literature are expressions of dao(道), a moral teaching in aesthetic self discipline and a way to cultivate the mind and body. In the art and literature of his poems and calligraphies, aesthetic self discipline of art in harmony with literature is sublimated into that of the humanity of moral teaching in harmony with literature. The subjects of Yi Hwang's poems are the nature of mountains and water. With an awakening moral self, his world of pure poems intends to express the pure human mindset by considering the minds of heaven and earth to be human minds. To him, nature is a model way of life as well as of human existence. Therefore, Yi Hwang considers nature a source to cultivate humaneness and wisdom and a space to form aesthetic self discipline. His poems can be another expression of the pleasure of dao(道), a philosophical concept personally obtained from nature. His calligraphies are important media to fulfill human values. His refined calligraphies are formed by characters as a result of learning and moral training. His calligraphies warn against exaggerated techniques and instead express the common, simple, gentle aesthetic self discipline of the moderation. This aesthetic atmosphere is possible in the state of perfect harmony of all material objects and oneself, which corresponds with the body and mind. It can intend a free world without the opposition of the mind and other material objects. Yi Hwang's aesthetic self discipline expressed through the art and literature of his poems and calligraphy strive to present primarily the outer things called ‘nature’. But beauty is realized by mature self-consciousness. Yi Hwang thinks that mysterious aesthetic change in nature is a phenomenon, which occurs anytime and anywhere. Serene, lofty human aesthetic desires are needed to appreciate nature. Human beings reach their culmination through moral training. Perfect harmony of all matters and oneself presupposes that the ability to obtain perfect virtue is inside oneself. Yi Hwang feels an aesthetic sense that can not be changed with anything in the state of perfect harmony with nature, a source of life. He also experiences the value of life and a great joy, which cannot be expressed in words.

목차

Ⅰ. 緖論

Ⅱ. 李滉 審美修養의 根源

Ⅲ. 李滉審美修養의 窮極

Ⅳ. 結論

키워드

修養 삶의 價値 敬 禮 審美欲求 self discipline dao human minds mature self-consciousness value of life