论柯尔施对列宁主义的批判——柯尔施是反列宁主义者吗？

• 영문명: On Karl Korsch’s Critique of Leninism: Was Korsch an Anti-Leninist?
• 발행기관: YIXIN 출판사
• 저자명: Yu Chunyu Wang Anqi
• 간행물 정보: 『Journal of Chinese Marxism studies』Vol.2 No.6, 58~66쪽, 전체 9쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.06.15

국문 초록

This paper sets out to explore the ideological development of one of the founders of Western Marxism, specifically focusing on the attitude of Kirsch towards Leninism. It is argued that this attitude has undergone a remarkable transformation from positive affirmation to profound reflection, as evidenced in his works Marxism and Philosophy and The Present Problem of Marxism and Philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the process, reasons and essence of the evolution of Kirsch’s Leninist outlook through an in-depth analysis of two important works of Kirsch, and then to assess whether Kirsch should be characterised as an “anti-Leninist”. In Marxism and Philosophy, Kirsch lauds Lenin’s contributions to philosophical methodology, particularly the inheritance and development of dialectics and the restoration of Marxist orthodoxy. He acknowledges the significance of Lenin’s reconstruction of the intrinsic connection between theory and practice, as well as his insightful exploration of the relationship between Marxism and the state. However, in the subsequent The Present State of the Problem of Marxism and Philosophy. Kirsch’s attitude underwent a substantial shift, as he initiated a reflection on the utilitarian tendencies inherent in Lenin’s philosophical thinking, articulated a critique of the metaphysical character of his materialist system, and highlighted the issues of ideological dictatorship that Lenin’s philosophy gave rise to. The paper goes on to analyse the reasons for Kirsch’s change of attitude in more detail, including his fundamental disagreement with Lenin on the value orientation of philosophical concepts and the dogmatic and formulaic impact of the “Bolshevization“ movement on the understanding of Marxism. Despite the fact that Kirsch subsequently expressed severe criticism of Leninism, his overall thought remains in complex contact and dialogue with Leninism, rather than in simple opposition to it. Consequently, it is one-sided and inaccurate to characterize Kirsch simply as an “anti-Leninist”.

영문 초록

柯尔施作为西方马克思主义的奠基人之一，其思想发展在《马克思主义和哲学》及《<马克思主义和哲学>问题的现状》等著作中得到了充分展现，特别是对列宁主义的态度经历了从积极肯定到深刻反思的显著转变。本文旨在通过深入分析柯尔施的两部重要著作，探讨其列宁主义观演变的过程、原因及实质，进而评估柯尔施是否应被定性为“反列宁主义者”。在《马克思主义和哲学》中，柯尔施高度赞扬了列宁在哲学方法论上的贡献，特别是对辩证法的继承和发展，以及对马克思主义正统性的恢复。他认可列宁在理论与实践内在联系上的重建，以及对马克思主义与国家关系问题的深刻探讨。然而，在随后的《<马克思主义和哲学>问题的现状》中，柯尔施的态度发生了显著变化，他开始反思列宁哲学思考的功利性倾向，批判其唯物主义体系的形而上学特征，并指出列宁哲学导致的意识形态专政问题。本文进一步分析了柯尔施态度转变的深层次原因，包括他与列宁在哲学理念价值取向上的根本分歧，以及“布尔什维克化”运动对马克思主义理解造成的教条化、公式化影响。尽管柯尔施后期对列宁主义提出了严厉批判，但从整体上看，他的思想仍与列宁主义保持着复杂的联系和对话，而非简单的对立。因此，将柯尔施简单地定性为“反列宁主义者”是片面且不准确的。

목차

Ⅰ. 引言

Ⅱ. 柯尔施对列宁主义的态度嬗变

Ⅲ. 柯尔施对列宁主义态度变化的原因

Ⅳ. 柯尔施并非“反列宁主义者”

키워드

Lenin Karl Korsch Anti-Leninist Bolshevization 列宁；柯尔施；反列宁主义者；布尔什维克化