마틴 루터가 근대 인간교육사상에 미친 영향

• 영문명: Luther’s Influence on Human Education Thought in the Modern Age
• 발행기관: 한독교육학회
• 저자명: 신병준(Shin Byung Jun)
• 간행물 정보: 『교육의 이론과 실천』제9권 제2호, 91~112쪽, 전체 22쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.10.30

국문 초록

루터는 종교개혁자만이 아니라 교육사상가요 교육개혁가로서의 역사적 의의를 지닌다. 그는 중세 수도원학교나 교회학교에서 실시되던 ‘성직자 위주의 교육’ 개념으로부터 탈피하여 교육을 ‘모든 인간을 대상으로 하는 개념’으로 확대시켰다고 할 수 있으며, 지식 혹은 도덕 교육에서 탈피하여 전인적 인간을 구상하는 획기적인 인간교육관을 주장하였다. 기독교 사상에 기반을 두고 있는 루터의 인간교육은 자기에게 주어진 여건 속에서 하나님과 교회와 국가 그리고 사회에 대한 봉사자를 양성하고 인간이 타락하여 상실한 하나님의 형상(Image of God)을 회복하며, 자기에게 주어진 모든 가능성을 계발시키는 것이었다. 루터는 근대 인간교육사상인 자유와 평등, 직업에 대한 소명을 통한 하나님의 말씀을 삶의 전 영역에 적용시키는 삶의 기초를 제공하였고, 가정교육과 학교교육, 교회교육의 중요성을 강조하여 근대 인간교육의 초석을 놓았다. 본 연구는 이러한 루터의 근대 인간교육관 형성에 미친 주요한 점들을 중심으로 논의하였다.

영문 초록

It was Ruther’s anguish he alone underwent without the other’s recognition for previous several years and the long time’s awakening that he shook the European heaven under the flag of Protestant Reformation. He got conclusions and believed firmly as followings after long time’s anguish. God gives, and never sells or buys His grace. “So nobody can get it from money.” It was “The just shall live by faith” written in section17, Chapter1 of Romans, Paul, the apostle’s first letter that backed his faiths. In addition, St. Augustinus’s books backed his faith. The relieved “is not selected based on merits, but selected based on Christ’s grace. That is, his/her definition is recognized by the free benefits.” This words and sentences of the bible gave the lights of soul, and enabled hopes, courages and freedom to be embraced in the soul of Ruther who wondered in the darkness. It means that the sacrifice of a human being can not be attained by his/her endeavors, but by believing Jesus Christ, and accepting Him as a Messiah. Multi-birth of the soul is attained by God’s grace, and it is not attained by human being’s merits compensated based on human’s endeavors. This thought of Ruther resisted the doctrine of Roman Catholic, the church of the medieval age, in the front and presented the true freedom for the publics suffered from suppressions and pains. He asserted that human being without any discrimination of class including churchman, emperor, and farmer is equal in front of God, and he/she should not be discriminated about himself/herself as a human being though there is difference in role. In addition, he asserted that all jobs is generated based on call of God, and they are not noble or humble. He opened the education of the human being in the modern age, asserting the thoughts of equality different from those of the medieval times. The summons of ‘Freedom’, ‘equality’, ‘job’, Ruther’s thoughts of education of human being in the modern age were succeeded to Calvin after historical period, and influenced the educational thoughts of Comenius and Pestalozzi greatly, and became the historical background which established the basis of education of human being in the modern age. Ruther’s christian thoughts offered the basis of life applied God’s sayings in all of the areas of life, and emphasized the importance of home education, school education, and church education still more. In addition, he asserted the education from the cradle. Ruther occupied the superior position in the protestant reformer as well as educational reformer. In addition, he still influences us living in the present time.

목차

《요약》

I. 들어가는 말

II. 루터의 저술 속에 나타난 인간교육사상

III. 루터가 근대 인간교육관 형성에 미친 영향

IV. 나가는 말

참고문헌

ABSTRACT

키워드

루터 종교개혁 개혁 하나님의 형상 인간교육 자유 평등 직업 Luther Religious reformation Protestantism Image of God human education freedom equality job