疑案裁判逆向推导的法理基础及其解决路径

• 영문명: Legal Theoretical Foundations and Resolution Pathways of Reverse Derivation in Hard Cases Adjudication
• 발행기관: YIXIN 출판사
• 저자명: Yuhui Li
• 간행물 정보: 『Journal of east Asian law studies』Vol.2 No.3, 28~39쪽, 전체 12쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.09.30

국문 초록

Adjudication of hard cases presents a core challenge in judicial practice. For hard cases involving legal ambiguity, conflicting principles, or normative gaps, the forward deduction path represented by the traditional “judicial syllogism” often faces difficulties. This article proposes and systematically elaborates on the method of “reverse derivation in hard cases adjudication.” This method begins with a presupposed judicial outcome aimed at achieving substantive justice, then works backward to construct a legitimate and reasonable legal justification. Its jurisprudential basis lies in the understanding that reverse deduction, as a “logic of discovery,” is compatible with legal dogmatics, which emphasizes the “logic of justification.” A judge’s initial hypothesis must be rigorously tested against legal constraints, consequentialist considerations, and the principle of acceptability, and ultimately “justified” through doctrinal tools such as legal interpretation and gap-filling, ensuring the final judgment remains within the bounds of the rule of law. The article further constructs a technical path of “presupposing outcome → finding legal grounds → deductive verification” and analyzes its application, risks, and boundaries through typical cases such as the “Xu Ting case,” the “Peng Yu case,” and the “frozen embryo inheritance case.”

영문 초록

疑案裁判是司法实践中的核心难题。针对法律模糊、理由冲突、规范缺失等疑难案件类型，以传统“司法三段论”为代表的正向推导路径时常面临困境。本文提出并系统阐述了“疑案裁判逆向推导”的决疑方法。该方法以一个预设的、旨在实现个案实质正义的裁判后果为起点，反向寻求并构建合法、合理的法律论证。其法理基础在于，逆向推导作为一种“发现的逻辑”，与强调“证成的逻辑”的法教义学相互兼容。法官的初步判断必须经过法律约束、后果考量和可接受性原则的严格检验，最终通过法律解释、漏洞填补等法教义学工具完成“证成”，确保裁判不偏离法治轨道。本文进一步构建了“预设后果—寻找法律—演绎验证”的技术路径，并结合“许霆案”“彭宇案”及“冷冻胚胎继承案”等典型案例，剖析了逆向推导在处理不同类型疑难案件时的具体运用、内在风险与边界。

목차

Ⅰ. 疑案如何裁判？

Ⅱ. 疑案裁判逆向推导的法理基础

Ⅲ. 疑案裁判逆向推导的解决路径

Ⅳ. 结论

参考文献

키워드

Hard Cases Reverse Deduction Legal Dogmatics Consequentialism Substantive Justice 疑难案件 逆向推导 法教义学 后果主义 实质正义