동아시아 해양안보환경 변화와 한국의 해로안보

• 영문명: Changes in the East Asian Maritime Security Environment and the Security of ROK Sea Lines of Communication: Security Dilemma in the ROK-US Alliance
• 발행기관: 한국전략문제연구소
• 저자명: 최양선
• 간행물 정보: 『전략연구』제24권 제1호(통권 제71호), 7~45쪽, 전체 39쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 정치외교학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2017.03.31

국문 초록

오늘날 동아시아의 국제정치 역학관계는 세기적 격변기를 겪고있다. 중국의 군사력 증강과 해양팽창 및 이에 대응한 미국의 2020년 완성 목표 아시아 재균형 전략, 일본의 보통국가화 추구 및 해양진출 등이 진행 중이다. 이로 말미암아, 한국 전략물자들과 수출입 무역의99.7%가 수송되는 해로가 위험에 처하게 되었다. 본 논문은 한국의 해로안보를 한미동맹이라는 현실적 인식에서 바라보고, 이로부터 파생된 동맹 딜레마를 검토하여 한국의 대응방안을 강구한다. 한국은 국가안보 차원에서는 한미동맹 발전을 위한 신 한미상호방위조약 체결 혹은 한미국방협력지침 마련, 전략적 협력동반자 관계인 중국과의 해양협력협정 체결, 해로상의 국가및 국제기구 등과 다차원의 해양안보협력체계 구축, 자유무역협정을 통한 경제영토 확장 등의 새로운 기회를 창출하는 것이 필요하다. 국방 차원에서는 해양안보환경을 고려한 원해/ 해외 대양작전 개념을 정립하고, 미 해군의 전략·작전개념에 부합한 일정수준의 원해 연합작전 능력을 확보하며, 수출입 및 전략물자 수송 등 대응체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 한국은 미국 트럼프 행정부의 출범시기를 현명하게 활용하여 동맹 딜레마를 극복하고, 한미 안보동맹과 한중 전략적 협력동반자 관계를 지혜롭게 조화시켜나갈 필요가 있다.

영문 초록

This study assesses the changes in the contemporary security environment of East Asia caused by maritime expansion of China, Japan and transnational threats to South Korea’s sea lines of communication(SLOC) through the lens of the ROK-US alliance. The international affairs of East Asia is changing dramatically in the 21st century. The relative declining US hegemony and naval forces in the region alongside China’s maritime expansion and 'one belt, one road' policy are big factors influencing this change. The United States, Japan, and ASEAN countries are building up their military power and establishing strategies to cope with China’s rise and maritime expansion. Particularly, the US confronts issues involving China in the East and South China Sea. Consequently, various maritime disputes have surfaced in the seas adjacent to China, with a few disputes raising anxieties about possible naval conflict. This change in the security environmental raises serious concerns for the Republic of Korea(ROK) to secure its crucial sea lanes. Korea has become a maritime power by shifting toward enterprising trade. Hence the SLOC became a lifeline to Korea both in war and peace time for transporting almost of all its energy supply, foods, and other trading goods. Post-Cold War hegemonic competition between the US and China raises serious concerns about the security of Korea's SLOC. However, since the Korean War, Korea's concern about the SLOC has been limited due to Korea’s dependence on US naval power. But the traditional means of protection of SLOC is not feasible any more. On account of 'abandonment' and 'entrapment' dilemmas in the ROK-US alliance, when trying to deal with maritime disputes, Korea should be cautious with the superpower US as a security ally, and with the rising power China as a main economic partner. With the changing situation and need for caution, several recommendation are in order. In terms of national security, Korea should seek opportunities to develop a new level of ROK-US alliance beyond the antiquated Cold-War alliance to include SLOC security. If this is not feasisble, the ROK-US Defense guideline should be prepared and periodically updated; formulate new maritime cooperation system with China; enhance maritime cooperation multidimensionally with SLOC neighboring countries; expand cooperation with friendly nations through free trade agreements(FTAs); and construct new SLOC including the Artic sea lane. In terms of defense security, opportunities should also be sought out. Korea should create a new concept for blue water/overseas operation; formulate cooperation system to enhance ROK-US combined operation in overseas theaters including operational concept and training of specialists; acquire naval capabilities including nuclear powered submarines and lightweight aircraft carrier; setup sectional (e.g., governmental organization, strategic materials, etc.) contingency reaction plans to deal with severed or obstructed SLOC. It is time for the Republic of Korea to increase its recognition of the importance of SLOC and formulate a new security strategy.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 해상교통로와 동맹이론

Ⅲ. 동아시아 해양안보 환경 변화와 한국의 해로안보

Ⅳ. 동아시아 해로안보의 쟁점과 동맹 딜레마

Ⅴ. 결론

키워드

한미 동맹 동맹 딜레마 해상교통로 해양 분쟁 SLOC security East Asian security environment ROK-US alliance security dilemma