프랑스계 캐나다의 문화적 정체성의 변천

• 발행기관: 국제지역학회
• 저자명: 장정애
• 간행물 정보: 『국제지역연구』제7권 제2호, 291~312쪽, 전체 22쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경제학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2003.12.30

영문 초록

This paper examines the evolution of the cultural identity of French Canada. Regardless of the assimilation policy of English Canada, the harmony between French and English Canada has been one of the most sensitive issues in Canadian culture and politics since the beginning of immigration in the country. The fundamental substance of the cultural identity of French Canada is the French language and Catholicism. They were the elements which didn't perish but persist as a base of the national spirit. The national spirit of French Canada has included ethnic hostility and relative deprivation against English Canada. Since the Conquest of England against France in 1759, the cultural identity of French Canada has been reduced and inverted from conqueror to the conquered. From the historical point of view, deserted by their motherland France, and defeated by England, French Canada has suffered a kind of double alienation. From the sociological point of view, the double alienation is due to French Canada enduring a feeling of alienation in Federal Canada. Despite the feeling of alienation, French Canada suffers a feeling of frustration due to their need to identify themselves with English Canada. In compensating this cultural alienation and vacuum, Catholicism took the role of being a spiritual foundation of French Canada. Catholicism became not only a religious belief that defines French Canadian cultural identity, but also an educational formation and political power. The Catholic clergymen took a political line which was closed, conservative and nationalistic. This political line projected a messianic and physiocratic illusion to the reality, which contributed to the exclusion of other political discourses. This would allow French Canada to search for realistic alternatives in carving out a better future. From the middle of the 20th century, another vision of Canada appeared, which was interpreted as compensatory instead of two conflictual issues, Quebec's distinctiveness and the existence of Canada: positive Canadian values such as tolerance, unity, diversity and justice, can be proved as possible through heterogeneous cultural identity within Quebec. This conversion of thoughts, urbanization and industrialization, and radical changes in the international society (such as two world wars) influenced the cultural identity of Quebec. Furthermore, in the 1960s, the Quiet Revolution of Quebec brought about a total shift in Quebec culture: secularization and modernization. Liberated from the religious yoke and narrow nationalistic obsession hiding domestic and international reality, Quebec began to search for the freedom of sensibility and reason. Despite this fundamental change, the secular elite (who substituted Catholic clergymen) kept an antipathy against Anglo-conformity. This was represented in the political line of separatism. It is, however, difficult to identify the separatistic discourse with the past nationalistic ideology because the former was based on the new geopolitical concept of territory and the double origin of Canadian foundation groups (French and English). On the contrary, the latter was based on the essence of being French and Catholicism in Canada. These were determined by blood, language and history. In the 1980s and 90s, after two defeated referendums for separation, a more flexible and negotiated cultural identity replaced a former more radical one. Recognizing multicultural and multi-ethnic reality of Canada and cultural transfer between the immigrants of diverse cultural origin, French Canadians make an effort to be perceived as politically more legitimate due to their nationality.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 프랑스어를 쓰는 가톨릭교도

Ⅲ. 근대화와 세속화

Ⅳ. 결론

참고문헌

키워드

French Canada Quebec Catholicism French nationalism separatism multicultural double alienation Quiet Revoluti on