독일 위생영화를 통해 본 조선 콜레라위생영화(1920)와 천연두위생영화(1922)의 특징과 한계

• 영문명: Characteristic and limitation of Joseon's cholera- and smallpox sanitary film from the Viewpoint of the Weimar Republic's sanitary film
• 발행기관: 한국영화학회
• 저자명: 김금동
• 간행물 정보: 『영화연구』제55호, 35~82쪽, 전체 48쪽
• 주제분류: 예술체육 > 예술일반
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2013.03.31

영문 초록

This study roughly examines what conditions inside and outside filmhad been created for the development of sanitary films in Germany, whowere the subjects, and how medical objectivity and academic integritycould be secured in the sanitary films, and based on this, it analyzes theproduction background, unique format of Joseon’s sanitary films producedand screened in 1920 and 1922, and their limitations as sanitary film. Germany that led modern medicine had already secured severalacademic environments in which sanitary films could have medicalobjectivity and academic integrity; that is, the development of modernmedicine, the popularization of sanitary discourses, the foundation ofmedical colleges, medical facilities and research institutes, the constructionof sufficient medical professional staffing, the establishment of productiondivision specialized in cultural films and sanitary films, and medicinespecialists’ active participation in film production. In particular, filmprofessionals and medicine specialists, most of all, regarded medicalknowledge and information, and their objectivity and academic integrityas the most important elements of sanitary films. To enlighten the publictruly and make them practice medical knowledge and information learnedthrough the sanitary films in their daily life, first, the sanitary films, firstof all, could truly persuade them, and they could obtain such a persuasive power only when medical bases were proposed and medical researchresults were shared through the films; second, there should be sufficientmedical facilities and human resources secured through which peoplecould be treated when they actually caught a disease or contagiousdisease and also economically, they could afford the costs, and; third,water and sewage facility, modern housing and the filth processing systemshould be secured so that individuals could make a hygienic living ineveryday life. Germany already had these film external conditions, andthus, German sanitary films, in fact, could considerably succeed inpersuading and making the German people practice them in daily life. And yet, Joseon that had been even deprived of a chance to acceptmodern medicine and film technologies independently, did not have anyhuman resources such as doctors, medical scientists, social hygienists aswell as infrastructures such as hospitals, medical colleges and medicalresearch institutes, which were the prerequisites of hygiene practices. Thisalso tells us that Joseon’s sanitary films could not but start withouthaving the essential features of the sanitary film genre such as providingmedical knowledge and information based on medical grounds. In fact,Joseon’s first sanitary film, cholera sanitary film produced in 1920 wasborn with a crucial limitation that it did not present the most basic andessential medical knowledge and information on cholera; for example, thepreventive means of cholera, the causes of contagion of cholera, the routeof contagion, the symptoms of cholera, actions required in the contagionof cholera, and the therapy method. A simple slogan that people shouldget rid of filthy habits and make efforts to be clean in order to preventcholera in the place where medical knowledge and information should beentered, and this simple slogan left a room for distorted interpretation sothat Joseon’s audience could think as if the main cause of choleracontagion was in their filthy and indolent living habits. Consequently, the film’s purpose or effect also was very likely to be distorted. Moreover,the fact that the production and screening of sanitary films werecontrolled by policy by the Japanese authorities suggests that Joseon’ssanitary film began progressing and developing in the favorable directionof the colonial regime from the beginning, in other words, in the directionof contributing to the Joseon people’s unconscious adaptation andsubordination to the colonial ideology under the title, for the Koreans’health.

목차

1. 들어가며

2. 독일의 위생정책 및 위생영화의 일본과 조선에서의 수용

3. 독일 바이마르공화국의 위생영화

4. 조선 콜레라위생영화와 천연두위생영화의 특징과 한계

4. 나가며

키워드

Weimar Republic’s sanitary film Films as public enlightenment and educational tools Cultural films Venereal disease films Richard Oswald’s film cholera sanitary film smallpox sanitary film inferior consciousness and Women’s conservative role fixation