수용행동과 자아존중감 기반 성인 심리유형 (취약형·중간형·탄력형)과 불안·우울: 탐색적 군집분석

• 영문명: Adult psychological types based on acceptance behavior and self-esteem (vulnerable, moderate, resilient) and their links to anxiety and depression: An exploratory cluster study
• 발행기관: 한국명상심리상담학회
• 저자명: 이서원 김형록(인경)
• 간행물 정보: 『명상심리상담(구 명상치료연구)』제34권, 13~25쪽, 전체 13쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 심리학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.08.31

국문 초록

본 연구는 성인의 불안과 우울이 수용전념치료의 경험회피/심리적 경직성(AAQ-II)과 자기개념의 자아존중감(RSES) 결합 프로파일에따라 체계적으로 달라지는지를 사람중심 접근으로 탐색하였다. 수도권 성인 134명이 AAQ-II, RSES, GAD-7, PHQ-9에 응답하였고, 표준화 점수에 K-means를 적용해 탄력형(n = 69), 중간형(n = 34), 취약형(n = 31)의 세 군집을 도출하였다. 내부 지표는 실루엣 .36, Calinski –Harabasz 85.36, Davies–Bouldin .95로 확인되어 분리도는 제한적이었다. 불안과 우울은 군집 간 유의한 차이를 보였고(GAD-7: F(2, 131) = 13.69, p < .001, η² = .173; PHQ-9: F(2, 131) = 18.44, p < .001, η² = .220), 사후 비교에서 취약형과 중간형이 탄력형보다 높았으며취약형–중간형 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 보조 회귀에서 군집 더미의 계수는 두 지표에서 양의 방향으로 유의했고, 모형 설명력(R²)은 약.165–.167이었다. 비확률 표집, 횡단 설계, 자기보고 단일 방법의 한계를 고려해 해석은 탐색적으로 한정하며, 유형 정보는 선별 보조 수준에서 활용되어야 한다. 향후 전국 층화 표집 확대, 종단 또는 개입 연구, 부트스트랩 기반 합의 군집 등을 통한 외적 타당화가 요구된다.

영문 초록

Background: Anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent emotional symptoms in adulthood, often leading to impaired functioning and long-term mental health challenges. While prior research has identified univariate associations of experiential avoidance or self-esteem with these symptoms, less attention has been paid to how these factors jointly shape individual risk profiles. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) conceptualizes experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility as key processes that increase vulnerability, while self-concept theory highlights self-esteem as a protective resource. To capture the heterogeneity within individual psychological profiles, a person-centered approach is warranted. Methods: A community sample of 134 adults residing in the Seoul metropolitan area completed four validated instruments: the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Standardized AAQ-II and RSES scores were subjected to K-means clustering to identify subgroups. The optimal number of clusters was determined based on internal validation indices including the silhouette coefficient, Calinski–Harabasz index, and Davies–Bouldin index. Group differences in anxiety and depression were examined using ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, and supplementary regressions were conducted to assess the incremental explanatory value of cluster membership. Results: Three clusters were identified: Resilient (n = 69), Moderate (n = 34), and Vulnerable (n = 31). Internal indices suggested modest separation (silhouette = .36, CH = 85.36, DB = .95). Anxiety and depression levels differed significantly across groups (GAD-7: F(2, 131) = 13.69, p < .001, η² = .173; PHQ-9: F(2, 131) = 18.44, p < .001, η² = .220). Post-hoc comparisons showed that both Vulnerable and Moderate clusters reported higher symptom scores than the Resilient cluster, while the difference between Vulnerable and Moderate clusters was not significant. Supplementary regressions confirmed positive and significant coefficients for both non-resilient clusters, with model R² values around .165–.167. Conclusion: Findings suggest that combined profiles of experiential avoidance and self-esteem meaningfully differentiate adult emotional risk patterns. Although the classification has limited separation and is constrained by non-probability sampling, cross-sectional design, and self-report data, the typology provides a useful exploratory basis for screening and tailored interventions. Future studies should replicate with larger, stratified samples, longitudinal and interventional studies, and external validation through bootstrap-based consensus clustering.

목차

I. 서론

II. 연구방법

III. 연구결과

IV. 논의

V. 결론

참고문헌

키워드

경험회피(AAQ-II) 자아존중감 군집 분석 불안 우울 experiential avoidance self-esteem cluster analysis anxiety depression