《资本论》中存在开端难题吗？——驳阿瑟的“新辩证法”

• 영문명: Is there a beginning dilemma in Capital? : A Refutation of Arthur’s “New Dialectic”
• 발행기관: YIXIN 출판사
• 저자명: Fu Zhuoqi
• 간행물 정보: 『International journal of Marxism studies』Vol.2 No.1, 1~9쪽, 전체 9쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.03.31

국문 초록

Based on Hegel’s “systematic dialectic”, Arthur argues that Capital should begin with “value” rather than “commodity”, arguing that the historical ambiguity and empirical specificity of “commodity” is inappropriate as the logical starting point of Capital, and that value, as the “exclusive category” of capitalism, is more in line with the “established totality”. But Arthur’s view is actually based on a misreading of Marx’s method and the text of Capital, a misreading that stems from his sense of historical time, which pits “system” against “history”. Marx’s dialectical method emphasises the unity of logic and history, and regards the “commodity” as the beginning both as a fact of the actual historical process and as a logical distillation of the generating process of capital. The beginning of Capital does not presuppose the structure of capitalism, but gradually reveals the tendency of capital generation through the contradiction of commodity duality, while retaining the openness of the coexistence of capitalist and non-capitalist modes of production. Arthur’s “systematic dialectic”, by ignoring the historical dimension and equating Mar’x’s dialectical method with the Hegelian dialectic, is caught in a closed logical loop and fails to explain Marx’s revelation of capitalism’s historicity and revolutionary potentia.

영문 초록

阿瑟基于黑格尔的“体系辩证法”，主张《资本论》应以“价值”而非“商品”为开端，认为“商品”概念的历史模糊性与经验具体性不适合作为《资本论》的逻辑起点，而价值作为资本主义的“专属范畴”更符合“既定总体”的内在联系。但阿瑟的观点实则建立在对马克思的方法与《资本论》文本的误读基础上，这一误读源于其将“体系”与“历史”对立的历史时间意识。马克思的辩证方法强调逻辑与历史的统一，认为“商品”作为开端既是现实历史过程的事实，也是对资本生成过程的逻辑提炼。《资本论》的开端并未天然预设资本主义结构，而是通过商品二重性矛盾逐渐揭示资本生成的趋势，同时保留资本主义与非资本主义生产方式并存的开放性。阿瑟的“体系辩证法”因忽视历史维度，将马克思的辩证方法与黑格尔辩证法等同，因而陷入封闭的逻辑循环，无法解释马克思对资本主义历史性与革命潜能的揭示。

목차

Ⅰ. 引言

Ⅱ. 阿瑟的“回到马克思”

Ⅲ. 马克思反对阿瑟

Ⅳ. 结论

키워드

Capital Beginning Dilemma New Dialectic Unity of Logic and History Value Forms 《资本论》 开端难题 新辩证法 逻辑与历史统一 价值形式