日本成年监护制度对中国老年精神障碍者适用意定监护的启示

• 영문명: The Enlightenment of Japan’s Adult Guardianship System on the Application of Voluntary Guardianship for Elderly Individuals with Mental Disorders in China
• 발행기관: YIXIN 출판사
• 저자명: Zhang Junxuan
• 간행물 정보: 『Journal of China Studies』Vol.3 No.3, 26~33쪽, 전체 8쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.03.31

국문 초록

With the accelerated aging of the population in China, the growing population of elderly individuals with mental disorders has raised higher demands for guardianship systems. Voluntary guardianship, as a form of guardianship based on personal will, has become a crucial pathway to safeguard the rights and interests of this group due to its proactive and personalized nature. However, China’s current voluntary guardianship system still faces shortcomings in legal specifics, implementation mechanisms, and social awareness. This paper examines Japan’s adult guardianship system as a reference, analyzing its hierarchical guardianship framework, supervisory mechanisms, and the advanced practices of its “voluntary posterior guardianship” . It proposes five insights for China: refining legal regulations, promoting the socialization of voluntary guardianship, establishing negative qualifications for guardian appointments, ensuring the validity of agreements centered on decision-making capacity, and creating effective supervisory mechanisms. These recommendations aim to optimize China’s voluntary guardianship system and provide more comprehensive legal and social protections for elderly individuals with mental disorders.

영문 초록

随着中国人口老龄化进程的加剧，老年精神障碍者群体日益庞大，对监护制度提出了更高要求。意定监护作为一种以个人意愿为基础的监护形式，因其预先性与个性化特征，成为保障该群体权益的重要路径。然而，我国现行意定监护制度在法律细则、制度执行、社会认知等方面仍存在诸多不足。本文以日本成年监护制度为切入点，分析其分层次监护架构、监督机制与任意后见制度的先进经验，提出对我国的五点启示：细化相关法律规范、推动意定监护的社会化发展、设定监护人选任的消极条件、以意思能力为核心确保协议效力、建立有效的监督人机制。这些建议有助于优化我国意定监护制度，为老年精神障碍者提供更加周全的法律与社会保障。

목차

Ⅰ. 引言

Ⅱ. 老年精神障碍者与意定监护的适配性

Ⅲ. 中国老年精神障碍者适用意定监护的现实困境

Ⅳ. 日本成年监护制度概述

Ⅴ. 日本成年监护制度对中国的启示

키워드

Voluntary guardianship Elderly individuals with mental disorders Japan’s adult guardianship system Legal capacity Supervision mechanism 意定监护 老年精神障碍者 日本成年监护制度 行为能力 监督机制