은둔형 외톨이 상담 사례: 심리적 기제와 효과적인 전략 및 그 성과에 대한 주제 분석

• 영문명: A Case Study of Counseling for Hikikomori: A Thematic Analysis of Psychological Mechanisms, Effective Strategies, and Outcomes
• 발행기관: 학습자중심교과교육학회
• 저자명: 김도희(Do-Hee Kim)
• 간행물 정보: 『학습자중심교과교육연구』제25권 3호, 473~498쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.02.15

국문 초록

목적 본 연구의 목적은 은둔형 외톨이 성향을 보이는 내담자와 진행한 상담 사례를 통해 은둔 행동의 심리적 기제와 효과적인 상담 전략 및 그 성과를 탐구하고 설명하는 것이다. 방법 연구 참여자는 6개월 이상 학업을 중단하고 집에 머물고 있는 20대 여성 내담자이다. 상담은 주 1회, 50분씩, 총 20회에 걸쳐 진행되었으며 상담 녹취록을 수집하고 Braun과 Clarke(2006)의 주제 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 첫째, 은둔 상태는 ‘자기 은폐’와 ‘경험 회피’가 결합된 극단적 <사회적 위축>에 기인하며 ‘사회적 기술’의 부족, ‘자기초점주의’, ‘내면화’, ‘완벽주의’를 특징으로 하는 <사회적 미성숙>의 맥락에서 유지 및 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상담 전략 중에는 <치료동맹 강화>를 위한 상담자의 ‘자기 개방’, ‘유머 사용’, ‘침묵 관리’와 <사회적 기술 개발>을 위한 ‘심리 교육’, ‘역할 연기’, 그리고 <부정적 사고에 도전하기>를 위한 ‘긍정적 자기 대화’, ‘긍정적 측면에 초점두기’가 효과적인 것으로 식별되었다. 셋째, 상담 성과는 내담자의 <사회적 성숙>과 <내적 성장>으로 요약되었으며, 이는 ‘자기 인식 및 표현’이 증가하고 ‘사회적 활동 참여’가 확대되었으며 ‘심리적 유연성’과 ‘정서적 안정성’이 개선되는 맥락 안에서 관찰되었다. 결론 본 연구는 은둔형 외톨이의 심리적 특성에 대한 이해를 확장하고, 효과적으로 활용된 상담 전략을 상세히 서술하여 밝혔다는 데에 의의가 있다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 상담 실천과 후속 연구를 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

영문 초록

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze counseling cases involving clients with hikikomori tendencies to explore and explain the psychological mechanisms contributing to isolation, as well as effective counseling strategies and outcomes. Methods The participant was a female client in her 20s who had been out of school for more than six months and was socially withdrawn at home. Counseling sessions were conducted once a week for 50 minutes each, totaling 20 sessions. Counseling transcripts were collected and subjected to thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke (2006). Results First, the hikikomori condition is caused by extreme social withdrawal that combines self-concealment and experiential avoidance, and is maintained and exacerbated by social immaturity characterized by a lack of social skills, excessive self-focus, internalization, and perfectionism. Second, effective counseling strategies included the counselor's self-disclosure, use of humor, and silence management to strengthen the therapeutic alliance; psychoeducation and role-playing to develop social skills; and positive self-talk and focusing on positive aspects to challenge negative thinking. Third, counseling outcomes were summarized as the client's social maturity and internal growth, observed through increased self-awareness and expression, expanded participation in social activities, and improved psychological flexibility and emotional stability. Conclusions This study significantly expands the understanding of the psychological characteristics of individuals with hikikomori tendencies and provides a detailed description of effective counseling strategies. Based on these results, implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 연구 방법

Ⅲ. 연구 결과

Ⅳ. 논의 및 결론

참고문헌

키워드

은둔형 외톨이 심리적 기제 상담 전략 주제 분석 사례 연구 hikikomori psychological mechanisms counseling strategies thematic analysis case study

참고문헌

• 학습 자중심교과교육연구
• 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료
• 청소년학연구
• 상담 학연구
• 한국아동심리치료학회지
• 상담학연구
• 정신분석
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