The purpose is to clarify the analytical framework of Marxist productivity theory, provide reference for explaining the role of new quality productivity in empowering people and nature to coexist harmoniously in the modernization process, and propose corresponding countermeasures. The method adopts a sampling survey, conducts in-depth research and data analysis, and proposes specific countermeasures for Yunfu City in Guangdong Province. In the sampling survey, respondents covered different fields and groups in Yunfu City, including government departments, enterprises, agricultural cooperatives, community residents, and environmental organizations, to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the data. The questionnaire covers multiple aspects such as understanding of the theory of new quality productivity, current application status in Yunfu City, existing problems in the natural environment, and improvement suggestions. It uses quantitative and qualitative analysis methods for research. Conclusion: In the journey of the new era, in order for Yunfu City to achieve modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, it must be based on its geographical advantages and natural endowments; Combining ecological agriculture and relying on the city's characteristic industries; Taking innovation as the breakthrough point and building a high-quality talent platform; With the aim of high-quality development and highlighting the “green” background color.