唐代의 科擧制와 社會

• 영문명: Civil Examination Systems & Tang Society
• 발행기관: 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소
• 저자명: 金明姫 (Myoung-hee Kim)
• 간행물 정보: 『인문사회과학연구』제8집, 167~185쪽, 전체 19쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 사회과학일반
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2001.12.30

영문 초록

Duriong the Tang dynasty the examination system went through major changes : the refinement of the system and unofficial practices related to it. In particular, in the form of the examination questions. They were mostly on literary subjects, and candidates had to answer in the rigidly prescribed form of writings. This was particularly true of the examination for the chin-shih 進士 degree, less so of the ming-ching 明經 examination which was oriented more towards the classics. In the early years of the dynasty the ming-ching was highly regarded, and a great many prominent men, including many chief Ministers and other high-ranking officials entered their career through the examination. The examination subjects were no longer on classical texts, but on contemporary affairs, as in the chin-shih degree. The oral stage of the examination was again replaced in 807 by a written examination of ten ming-ching far less of a pure test of memory and knowledge of conventional interpretations than before. A further and knowledge of conventional interpretations than before. A further change in the nature of the ming-ching examination was made in 737. Minor changes were introduced too. The Confucian canonical books on which candidates were to be examined were changed from time to time. from 675 candidated were examined not only on a Confucian canonical book, but also upon Lao-tzu's(老子) tao-te ching, and apart from the years 693-705 when this was replaced by Empress Wu's Ch'en-kuei(臣軌:Model for a minister) this continued to be a requirement until 742, and was again temporarily revived in 785-96. But by the eighth century it was recognized that the new from of th chin-shih, with its compulsory exercises in various literary genres, was far more demanding. The chin-shih('Recommended scholar') examination was first introduce in the last part of the sui dynasty, and although it was at first less esteemed than the ming-ching examination. It steadily grew in importance until during the latter half of the dynasty it began to overshadow all the other examinations, and to produce an elite even within the examination recruited section of the bureaucracy, of brilliant young scholars clearly destined for a notable career. The examination thus continued throughout the dynasty to include not only difficult literary exercises, but also a severs test of a candidate's ideas on general topics connected with public affairs. the reforms suggested in 781 and 833 would indeed have made the examination almost entirely a test of this type. After the Civil Examination had introduced into Tang society, it brought out a great change; most of all, the privilege of the aristocratic family was fractured. They had launched themselves into officialdom through the examination. It was resulted to absorb the aristocrats into the officialdom under royal power, and at the same time it re-structured the whole society.

목차

Ⅰ. 緖言

Ⅱ. 科擧制度의 淵源

1. 隋代의 科擧制

2. 唐代의 科擧制

Ⅲ. 唐代의 社會와 科擧制

Ⅳ. 結語

參考文獻

Abstract