Письмо-инвектива как жанровая разновидность

• 발행기관: 고려대학교 러시아 CIS연구소
• 저자명: Суровцева Е.В.
• 간행물 정보: 『Acta Russiana』제8호, 49~112쪽, 전체 64쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2016.06.30

영문 초록

This work is the thematic continuation of research of addresses of Russian writers conducted by us in the authorities and in power structures with letters. We mean that that similar texts – letters of representatives of the Russian intellectuals, in particular writers, in the power – form the special epistolary genre possessing a number of distinctive features. We allocated the following versions of an analyzed genre: letter-invective; letter-declaration; letter-lampoon; letter denunciation; letter-complaint/request/justification; letter-dithyramb/gratitude/creative report. The letter-invective about which there is a speech in this article, contains charges and even a call to the authorities or more reserved on tone, but resolute criticism of essential aspects of activity of power bodies and persons with prevalence of angry intonations. In most cases authors of such letters don't mention circumstances of own private life, in any case, aren't concentrated on them. Their position is basic dissent (or developed gradually owing to the analysis of external circumstances) or the demonstrative rupture of once close connections realized by the sender as tragic, but inevitable. There are two letters-invectives to tsar – letter by M.Tsebrikova to Alexander III(criticism of the tsarist regime – bureaucracy, religious persecution, and more – and proposals for its transformation) and letter by V.G.Korolenko to state councilor Filonov (charges of Filonov for crimes in suppressing of imaginary rebellion). First of all in a context of letters-invectives to chief should call letters by V.G.Korolenko to H.G.Rakovsky and to A.V.Lunacharsky (1919 – 1921). Letters-invectives appeared and in the next decades they were, however, created in more tragic personal circumstances: in expatriation, at the decision to commit suicide. One of bright documents such is «The open letter to Stalin» (on August 17, 1939) by F.F.Raskolnikov. A.A.Fadeev’s directed by the Central Committee of CPSU (on April 13,1956) the last letter, reflects a serious, crisis state of his author, by then already disgraced writer feeling bitter disappointment in business and people to whom until recently undividedly I trusted and served with sincere belief. Number of letters-invectives it is written by A.I.Solzhenitsyn: the letter to the Secretariat of Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR (on September 12, 1967), the letter to the Secretariat of the Union of Writers of the USSR (on December 1, 1967), the letter in the Secretariat of the Union of writers of the USSR (on April 18, 1968), the open letter to the minister of the State security Yu.V.Andropov (on August 13, 1971), the letter to Committee for State Security of the USSR (on June 2, 1973), the letter to the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR N.A.Shchyolokov (on August 21, 1973). V.N.Voynovich’s letter belongs to letters-invectives (on February 19, 1974) also (to the Union of Soviet Writers). In the context of letters-invectives it is necessary to consider two texts by G.N.Vladimov – two letters-invectives with elements the declarations addressed to Presidium of the IV Congress of writers of the USSR (on May 26, 1967) and to Board of the Union of writers of the USSR (on October 10, 1977). In the genre of «letters to Tsar» was created by two of invective of the text the two authors. «Flourishing» letters of invective occurred in the twentieth century. Apparently, the reason for this is that the King was seen as the anointed of God, and regardless of political affiliation and attitude towards a single identifiable ruler of writers who apply the letters to the kings, the authorities wrote more in the genre of letters of declarations with a statement of disagreement in some matters, with explanation of soybean positions, but it’s a different genre the variety of «letter to ruler», which has a completely differ

키워드

Russian Literature Censorship Epistolary Literature Letter-invective XIX century XX century.