화학의 원소들. The Book of Elements of Chemistry,, by Antoine Lavoisier

Antoine Lavoisier 지음

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화학의 원소들. The Book of Elements of Chemistry,, by Antoine Lavoisier

프랑스의 과학자가 기술한 책을 영국에서 영어로 번역한책. 현대에 발견한 화학 원소들을 새로운 질서로 기술한 책. 자세한 원소들은 목차를 따라서 본문에서 확인. 책의 끝에 화학의 실험 기구들을 삽화로 그림을 삽입.

Title: Elements of Chemistry,
In a New Systematic Order, Containing all the Modern Discoveries Author: Antoine Lavoisier
Translator: Robert Ker

ELEMENTS
OF
CHEMISTRY,
IN A
NEW SYSTEMATIC ORDER, CONTAINING ALL THE MODERN DISCOVERIES.
ILLUSTRATED WITH THIRTEEN COPPERPLATES.
BY MR LAVOISIER,
Member of the Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Medicine, and Agricultural Society of Paris, of the Royal Society of London, and
Philosophical Societies of Orleans, Bologna, Basil, Philadelphia, Haerlem,
Manchester, &c. &c.
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH,
BY ROBERT KERR, F.R. & A.SS.E.
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and Surgeon to the Orphan
Hospital of Edinburgh.
EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM CREECH, AND SOLD IN LONDON BY G. G.
AND J. J. ROBINSONS.
MDCCXC.

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화학의 원소들. The Book of Elements of Chemistry,, by Antoine Lavoisier

CONTENTS.
PART FIRST.

Of the Formation and Decomposition of A？riform Fluids,
―of the Combustion of Simple Bodies, and the Formation of Acids,Page 1

CHAP. I.―Of the Combinations of Caloric, and the Formation of Elastic A？riform Fluids or Gasses,ibid.

CHAP. II.―General Views relative to the Formation and Composition of our Atmosphere,26

CHAP. III.―Analysis of Atmospheric Air, and its Division into two Elastic Fluids;
one fit for Respiration, the other incapable of being respired,32

CHAP. IV.―Nomenclature of the several constituent Parts of Atmospheric Air,48

CHAP. V.―Of the Decomposition of Oxygen Gas by Sulphur,
Phosphorus, and Charcoal, and [Pg xl]of the Formation of Acids in general,54

CHAP. VI.―Of the Nomenclature of Acids in general, and particularly of those drawn from Nitre and Sea Salt,66

CHAP. VII.―Of the Decomposition of Oxygen Gas
by means of Metals, and the Formation of Metallic Oxyds,78

CHAP. VIII.―Of the Radical Principle of Water, and of its Decomposition by Charcoal and Iron,83

CHAP. IX.―Of the Quantities of Caloric disengaged from different Species of Combustion,97

Combustion of Phosphorus,100


CHAP. X.―Of the Combustion of Combustible Substances with each other,109

CHAP. XI.―Observations upon Oxyds and Acids with several Bases,
and upon the Composition of Animal and Vegetable Substances,115

CHAP. XII.―Of the Decomposition of Vegetable and Animal Substances by the Action of Fire,123

CHAP. XIII.―Of the Decomposition of Vegetable Oxyds by the Vinous Fermentation,129

CHAP. XIV.―Of the Putrefactive Fermentation,141

CHAP. XV.―Of the Acetous Fermentation,146

CHAP. XVI.―Of the Formation of Neutral Salts, and of their Bases,149
[
CHAP. XVII.―Continuation of the Observations upon Salifiable Bases, and the Formation of Neutral Salts,161

PART II.

Of the Combinations of Acids with Salifiable Bases, and of the Formation of Neutral Salts,175

INTRODUCTION,ibid.

TABLE of Simple

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화학의 원소들. The Book of Elements of Chemistry,, by Antoine Lavoisier

프랑스의 과학자가 기술한 책을 영국에서 영어로 번역한책. 현대에 발견한 화학 원소들을 새로운 질서로 기술한 책. 자세한 원소들은 목차를 따라서 본문에서 확인. 책의 끝에 화학의 실험 기구들을 삽화로 그림을 삽입.

Title: Elements of Chemistry,
In a New Systematic Order, Containing all the Modern Discoveries Author: Antoine Lavoisier
Translator: Robert Ker

ELEMENTS
OF
CHEMISTRY,
IN A
NEW SYSTEMATIC ORDER, CONTAINING ALL THE MODERN DISCOVERIES.
ILLUSTRATED WITH THIRTEEN COPPERPLATES.
BY MR LAVOISIER,
Member of the Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Medicine, and Agricultural Society of Paris, of the Royal Society of London, and
Philosophical Societies of Orleans, Bologna, Basil, Philadelphia, Haerlem,
Manchester, &c. &c.
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH,
BY ROBERT KERR, F.R. & A.SS.E.
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and Surgeon to the Orphan
Hospital of Edinburgh.
EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM CREECH, AND SOLD IN LONDON BY G. G.
AND J. J. ROBINSONS.
MDCCXC.

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화학의 원소들. The Book of Elements of Chemistry,, by Antoine Lavoisier

PREFACE OF THE AUTHOR.
When I began the following Work, my only object was to extend and explain more fully the Memoir which I read at the public meeting of the Academy of Sciences in the month of April 1787, on the necessity of reforming and completing the Nomenclature of Chemistry. While engaged in this employment, I perceived, better than I had ever done before, the justice of the following maxims of the Abb？ de Condillac, in his System of Logic, and some other of his works.
"We think only through the medium of words.―Languages are true analytical methods.―Algebra,[Pg xiv] which is adapted to its purpose in every species of expression, in the most simple, most exact, and best manner possible, is at the same time a language and an analytical method.―The art of reasoning is nothing more than a language well arranged."
Thus, while I thought myself employed only in forming a Nomenclature, and while I proposed to myself nothing more than to improve the chemical language, my work transformed itself by degrees, without my being able to prevent it, into a treatise upon the Elements of Chemistry.
The impossibility of separating the nomenclature of a science from the science itself, is owing to this, that every branch of physical science must consist of three things; the series of facts which are the objects of the science, the ideas which represent these facts, and the words by which these ideas are expressed. Like three impressions of the same seal, the word ought to produce the idea, and the idea to be a picture of the fact. And, as ideas are preserved and communicated by means of words, it necessarily follows[Pg xv] that we cannot improve the language of any science without at the same time improving the science itself; neither can we, on the other hand, improve a science, without improving the language or nomenclature which belongs to it. However certain the facts of any science may be, and, however just the ideas we may have formed of these facts, we can only communicate false impressions to others, while we want words by which these may be properly expressed.
To those who will consider it with attention, the first part of this treatise will afford frequent proofs of the truth of the above observations. But as, in the conduct of my work, I have been obliged to observe an order of arrangement essentially differing from what has been adopted in any other chemical work yet published, it is proper that I should explain the motives which have led me to do so.
It is a maxim universally admitted in geometry, and indeed in every branch of knowledge, that, in the progress of investigation, we should proceed from known facts to what is unknown. In early infancy, our ideas spring from our wants; the sensation of want excites the idea of[Pg xvi] the object by which it is to be gratified. In this manner, from a series of sensations, observations, and analyses, a successive train of ideas arises, so linked together, that an attentive observer may trace back to a certain point the order and connection of the whole sum of human knowledge.

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저자(글) Antoine Lavoisier

화학의 원소들. The Book of Elements of Chemistry,, by Antoine Lavoisier프랑스의 과학자가 기술한 책을 영국에서 영어로 번역한책.Title: Elements of Chemistry,In a New Systematic Order, Containing all the Modern Discoveries Author: Antoine LavoisierTranslator: Robert KerELEMENTSOFCHEMISTRY,IN ANEW SYSTEMATIC ORDER, CONTAINING ALL THE MODERN DISCOVERIES.ILLUSTRATED WITH THIRTEEN COPPERPLATES.BY MR LAVOISIER,Member of the Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Medicine, and Agricultural Society of Paris, of the Royal Society of London, andPhilosophical Societies of Orleans, Bologna, Basil, Philadelphia, Haerlem,Manchester, &c. &c.TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH,BY ROBERT KERR, F.R. & A.SS.E.Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and Surgeon to the OrphanHospital of Edinburgh.EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM CREECH, AND SOLD IN LONDON BY G. G.AND J. J. ROBINSONS.MDCCXC.