사유악부

그리움의 창에서 부르는 노래

김려 지음 | 이두순 옮김

목근통 2022년 03월 01일 출간

작품소개

책소개

유배(流配)는 먼 곳으로 쫓겨 가서 귀양을 사는 형벌로, 험한 환경에서 주거가 제한되는 등 고된 생활을 해야 한다. 그러한 가운데 귀양지에서의 추억을 애절하게 읊으며, 그곳으로 돌아가고 싶어 하는 사연의 시를 모아놓은시집이 있다. 담정(藫庭) 김려(金鑢)의 ｢사유악부(思牖樂府)｣이다.김려가 유배지 부령(富寧)에서의 생활을 추억하며 지은 ｢사유악부｣는 총290수이다. 시인은 유배지에서 생활하는 동안에 겪었건 일, 만난 사람들,그리고 보고 느꼈던 사연을 7언 시로 풀어놓고 있다. 시에는 1800년 전후의 북쪽 변방인 부령의 거칠고 활발한 모습, 그리고 그곳에 사는 인간 군상의 모습이 생생히 그려져 있다.｢사유악부｣의 몇몇 시를 읽어보다가 완역해 보고 싶은 욕심이 생겼다.단초가 된 것은 시인 담정이 부령에서 알게 된 여인인 연희와 앵두에 관한시였다. 어쩌면 옛 선비가 한 여인을 두고 이처럼 섬세하고 연연한 사연의시를 지을 수 있었을까? 그렇다면 내 마음에 와 닿을만한 다른 시는 더 없을까?번역을 시작한 지 6년 만에 이제 ｢사유악부｣ 완역본을 펴내고자 한다. 부족한 점, 아쉽고 미진한 점이 많으나 작업을 마무리하게 되어 다행스럽게생각한다.

목차

Ⅰ. 해제 ······························································································1
1. 저자 김려 ·························································································1
2. 김려 연보 ·························································································3
3. 유배객 김려의 그리움의 노래 ·····························································5
Ⅱ. 사유악부 서(序) ·············································································7
Ⅲ. 사유악부 권후(卷後) ······································································9
Ⅳ. 그대 어디를 그리워하나 ·······························································11
001. 차 노인 ·························································································13
002. 부령의 연희 ···················································································14
003. 황부장네 술맛 ···············································································15
004. 연희네 집 ······················································································16
005. 문하생 희익 ···················································································17
006. 영락정 ··························································································19
007. 강응야 ··························································································20
008. 연희와 앵두 ···················································································22
009. 명필 남흥유 ···················································································23
010. 박한기 ··························································································24
011. 씩씩한 차아초 ···············································································25
012. 장백산의 꽃봉오리 ·········································································26
013. 남쪽 제비 ······················································································27
014. 배나무와 살구나무 ·········································································28
015. 기르던 개 ······················································································29
016. 오골계 ··························································································30
017. 이광사와 이영익 부자 ····································································31
018. 정직하고 꼼꼼한 박승 ····································································33
019. 풍류객 장백능 ··············································································35
020. 장국보의 집에서 ············································································36
021. 지난가을 박승과 함께 ····································································37
022. 꿈에 만난 연희 ··············································································38
023. 국화는 피었는데 ············································································39
024. 망아지 ··························································································40
025. 부령의 삼포 ···················································································41
026. 명포수 최지구 ···············································································42
027. 연희의 은혜 ···················································································43
028. 갈대 삿자리 ···················································································44
029. 제자가 보내준 약 ···········································································45
030. 충신의 집안 ··················································································46
031. 문정공 홍성민 ···············································································47
032. 김승과 하룻밤 ···············································································48
033. 노인이 들려준 이야기 ····································································49
034. 성 씨 아낙 ·····················································································50
035. 중양절에 고향을 그리며 ·································································51
036. 사랑하는 박성신 ············································································52
037. 새매 ······························································································53
038. 친구가 보내준 종이 ········································································54
039. 잃어버린 벼루 ···············································································55
040. 불운한 장 노인 ··············································································56
041. 궤변가 김장의 ···············································································57
042. 석 씨 동자 ·····················································································59
043. 연희가 지어준 갖옷 ········································································60
044. 남평 부채 ······················································································61
045. 한식날 부모님 생각에 ····································································62
046. 이효자 ··························································································63
047. 임금님이 돌아가시고 ······································································64
048. 오사간 ··························································································65
049. 부령의 모습 ···················································································66
050. 송어 천렵 ······················································································67
051. 단오 ······························································································68
052. 차동숙의 집에서 ············································································69
053. 불운한 지덕해 ···············································································70
054. 김성원 ··························································································71
055. 의리 있는 경회 선생 ·······································································72
056. 활 잘 쏘는 황대석 ··········································································74
057. 동생 서원의 서첩 ···········································································75
058. 중용 책 ·························································································76
059. 큰비 ······························································································78
060. 일본도 ··························································································79
061. 송이버섯 ·······················································································80
062. 부령 까치 ······················································································81
063. 파타암의 겨울 ···············································································82
064. 옥수수 ··························································································83
065. 의리 있는 이비장 ···········································································84
066. 제자 차약수 ···················································································86
067. 흉악한 군뢰들 ···············································································87
068. 실력 없는 훈장님 ···········································································88
069. 탐관오리 관찰사 ············································································89
070. 통곡하는 육 씨 여인 ·······································································90
071. 옥련 만호 강사헌 ···········································································91
072. 장사꾼 남기명 ···············································································92
073. 연희가 해 준 버선 ··········································································93
074. 수정 안경 ······················································································94
075. 귀한 먹 ························································································95
076. 음탕한 과부 김 씨 ··········································································96
077. 두꺼비 옥 연적 ··············································································98
078. 빌려준 그림 ···················································································99
079. 상아 붓 ·······················································································100
080. 꿈에 본 연희 ··············································································101
081. 잃어버린 시집 ·············································································102
082. 동기 노심홍 ·················································································103
083. 명필 권종일 ·················································································104
084. 화전놀이 ·····················································································105
085. 이도호의 묘에서 ··········································································106
086. 남씨 댁 며느리 ············································································107
087. 연희의 생일 ·················································································108
088. 설움 받는 유배객 ·········································································109
089. 박해받는 사람들 ··········································································110
090. 청어를 사오다 ·············································································111
091. 족제비 털 삼백 미 ········································································112
092. 잃어버린 책 원고 ·········································································113
093. 연희가 짠 베 ················································································114
094. 필공 김 씨 ···················································································115
095. 그리운 정추밀 ·············································································116
096. 영산홍의 초대 ·············································································117
097. 연희가 보고 싶어서 ······································································118
098. 형님 안학사 ·················································································119
099. 옛 친구 안주백 ············································································121
100. 글 쓰는 것 조심하라네 ·································································122
101. 남쪽에서 병이 들어 ······································································123
102. 설염의 선물 ·················································································125
103. 해동 명신 언행록 ·········································································126
104. 도보 선생의 문하생 ······································································127
105. 유정의 후손 ·················································································128
106. 정안전을 짓고 ·············································································129
107. 불타는 책들 ·················································································130
108. 당당한 장파총 ·············································································132
109. 유배객 이사고 ·············································································133
110. 부령이 그리워 ·············································································135
111. 물푸레나무 벼룻집 ·······································································136
112. 구름무늬 비단부채 ·······································································137
113. 족제비 털 휘항 ············································································138
114. 우만 각시 ····················································································139
115. 말 귀신에 제사하다 ······································································140
116. 일식 ····························································································141
117. 단풍든 연희네 정원 ······································································142
118. 북방의 사나이들 ··········································································143
119. 걱정 없는 남 노인 ········································································144
120. 칠순의 이제할 ·············································································145
121. 재주 많은 정부장 ·········································································146
122. 우 씨 아낙 ···················································································147
123. 박태기나무 ·················································································148
124. 눈 내리는 날 ················································································149
125. 원추리 꽃 ····················································································150
126. 남석사의 재가승 ··········································································151
127. 수탈당하는 어부들 ·······································································152
128. 부령의 물레방아 ··········································································153
129. 부령의 참외 농사 ·········································································154
130. 가리곡 온천 ·················································································155
131. 부령의 술친구들 ··········································································156
132. 약탈 결혼 ····················································································157
133. 소금값이 올라서 ··········································································158
134. 가난한 선비 홍생 ·········································································159
135. 부령의 서수들 ·············································································160
136. 선배님을 꿈에 보고 ······································································161
137. 고매한 이처사 ·············································································162
138. 정다운 부령 땅 ············································································163
139. 그리운 북쪽 바다 ·········································································164
140. 정월 대보름 ·················································································165
141. 가증스러운 유도호 ·······································································166
142. 원희 장군이 죽은 곳 ····································································167
143. 호랑이 잡은 열부 ·········································································168
144. 어진 관리와 악덕 관리 ·································································169
145. 열녀 최 씨 ···················································································170
146. 믿음직한 김승 ·············································································171
147. 고마운 문하생들 ·········································································173
148. 제자들과 헤어지고 ·······································································174
149. 유두 물맞이 ·················································································175
150. 심홍이 만들어 준 배자 ·································································176
151. 서장대에서 ··················································································177
152. 송골매 ························································································179
153. 연희와 이별 ·················································································180
154. 천수동의 박훈장 ··········································································181
155. 다리가 불편한 지여교 ··································································182
156. 공작 꼬리 이도호 ·········································································183
157. 호랑이 잡은 홍생 ·········································································185
158. 그리운 누이야 ·············································································186
159. 아버님의 주역 책 ·········································································187
160. 돌림병 ························································································189
161. 충신 정문부공 ·············································································190
162. 까마귀 ························································································191
163. 형제바위 ·····················································································192
164. 이루지 못할 약속 ·········································································193
165. 유배되는 동생 ·············································································195
166. 진해 까치 ····················································································196
167. 박산향로 ·····················································································197
168. 막냇동생 순정 ·············································································198
169. 옥수의 글씨 ·················································································199
170. 동촌의 박교감 ·············································································201
171. 비문을 써주며 ·············································································202
172. 퇴락한 부령성 관사 ······································································203
173. 헌걸찬 김동관 ·············································································204
174. 용맹한 황주부 ·············································································205
175. 오석촌의 폐허 ·············································································206
176. 개결한 태소 선생 ·········································································207
177. 충성스러운 정충현공 ···································································208
178. 잃어버린 글씨 ·············································································210
179. 곱고 장한 여인들 ·········································································211
180. 이공의 은혜 ·················································································213
181. 이광사 선생의 서첩 ······································································215
182. 남쪽에서 병에 누워 ······································································216
183. 유명한 의사들 ·············································································218
184. 눈 내리는 외로운 밤에 ·································································219
185. 김승상의 추억 ·············································································220
186. 반겨주는 이풍헌 ··········································································221
187. 베 잘 짜는 연희 ···········································································222
188. 복 많은 박양사 ············································································223
189. 연희의 옥살이 ·············································································224
190. 불우한 장기세 ·············································································226
191. 걱정해 주는 연희 ·········································································227
192. 임금님의 부음 ·············································································228
193. 어랑포 ························································································229
194. 석봉에 사는 최생 ·········································································230
195. 삼나무 붓통 ·················································································232
196. 대설의 재앙 ·················································································233
197. 보배로운 글 ·················································································234
198. 부령의 호족들 ·············································································235
199. 이단하공의 사당 ··········································································236
200. 북쪽이 더 좋아 ············································································237
201. 구리로 만든 붓 ············································································238
202. 아우 서원의 충고 ·········································································239
203. 근사록을 전하며 ··········································································240
204. 다녀간 어진 관리들 ······································································241
205. 몸살감기 ·····················································································242
206. 시경을 곤소에게 전하며 ·······························································243
207. 서씨 삼형제 ·················································································245
208. 연희의 그림 ·················································································246
209. 정공과 다섯 호걸 ·········································································247
210. 차씨네 형제 ·················································································248
211. 부령의 옥사 ·················································································249
212. 사람 좋은 박연 ············································································251
213. 생각나는 아이들 ··········································································253
214. 불우한 선비들 ·············································································254
215. 교활한 관리들 ·············································································255
216. 겨울 천영루에서 ··········································································256
217. 소혜랑의 선물 ·············································································257
218. 차 노인과 밤을 지새며 ·································································259
219. 조헌 선생 사당에서 ······································································260
220. 돌 위에 새긴 유승상의 이름 ·························································261
221. 명신 신숙주 ·················································································262
222. 점괘 ····························································································263
223. 말 잘하는 임요조 ·········································································264
224. 청렴한 아전 조문벽 ······································································265
225. 연희의 거문고 ·············································································266
226. 이항복공을 추모하며 ···································································268
227. 연희와 복사꽃 ·············································································270
228. 잃어버린 아버님 유서 ··································································271
229. 어머님의 제삿날 ··········································································273
230. 고지식한 이부솔 ··········································································274
231. 관북의 상인 ·················································································276
232. 몰락한 양반의 후예 ······································································277
233. 신립 장군 ····················································································278
234. 동지팥죽 ·····················································································279
235. 대학 글을 희익에게 전하며 ···························································281
236. 아내의 편지 ·················································································282
237. 부채 한 쌍 ···················································································283
238. 불타버린 의서 ·············································································284
239. 석씨 형제 ····················································································286
240. 윤관 장군 ····················································································287
241. 친구를 꿈에 만나고 ······································································288
242. 논어 이야기 ·················································································289
243. 귀여운 친구의 아들 ······································································291
244. 남이 장군 ····················································································292
245. 용맹한 구성군 ·············································································293
246. 늙어가며 ·····················································································295
247. 형님 안어사 ·················································································296
248. 연희의 마음 ·················································································297
249. 조규 장군 ····················································································298
250. 원통제 ························································································299
251. 제자들 ························································································300
252. 깨우침 ························································································301
253. 겨울밤 달구경 ·············································································303
254. 친구의 편지 ·················································································304
255. 잊지 못할 부령 사람들 ·································································305
256. 군관 조원신 ·················································································306
257. 눈을 맞으며 찾아주는 친구들 ·······················································307
258. 건달 양기위 ·················································································308
259. 즐거움이 슬픔으로 ·······································································309
260. 서방님 참으세요 ··········································································310
261. 자리 짜는 황씨네 아들 ·································································311
262. 노심홍을 그리며 ··········································································312
263. 선배가 보낸 백자 술병 ·································································313
264. 꿈에 본 제자 희익 ········································································314
265. 꽃놀이 모임 ·················································································315
266. 관가에 불이 나서 ·········································································316
267. 남석봉 봉화대 ·············································································317
268. 풀싸움 ························································································318
269. 간사한 사람 ·················································································319
270. 새옹지마 ·····················································································321
271. 대님 한 쌍 ···················································································322
272. 부령의 부자 김부장 ······································································323
273. 술고래 최사장 ·············································································324
274. 김종서 장군 ·················································································325
275. 늠름한 정도호 ·············································································326
276. 집을 짓자던 약속 ·········································································327
277. 사나운 마누라 ·············································································328
278. 꽃피는 시절 저녁에 모여 ······························································330
279. 누이의 선물 ·················································································331
280. 황정견의 시집 ·············································································332
281. 친구가 보낸 약 ············································································333
282. 생각나는 사촌 형제 ······································································334
283. 심홍의 축사 ·················································································335
284. 꿈에 우는 연희 ············································································336
285. 옥수의 한 ····················································································337
286. 장백능의 집에서 ··········································································338
287. 계함을 격려하며 ··········································································339
288. 보고 싶은 부령 ············································································340
289. 그리운 연희야 ·············································································341
290. 차라리 생각을 말자 ······································································342

책 속으로

｢사유악부(思牖樂府)｣는 담정(藫庭)이 함경도 부령(富寧)에 유배당해 있었을 때(1797~1801)를 회상하며 지은 악부체의 연작시(聯作詩)이다. 모든 시가 ‘그대 어디를 그리워하나, 북쪽 바닷가를 그리워하오[問汝何所思, 所思北海湄.].’로 시작되는 독특한 체제를 보인다. 담정은 실학사상과 시대를 같이한다. 실학자들이 현실을 비판하고 당면한 시대적 모순에 대응 논리를 체계화하려는데 비해 담정은 당시의 현실을 감성적, 문학적으로 포착하려 한 점이 달리 평가된다.
총 290수인 ｢사유악부｣ 시는 담정 문학의 정수로 평가받고 있다. ｢사유악부｣에는 담정이 유배지 부령에서 만난 사람, 찾아본 고적, 부령에 있던 옛 사람들의 유적, 자기가 쓰던 물건, 새와 동물 등에 대한 실로 다양한 주제의시가 실려 있다. ｢사유악부｣는 매 편이 각기 단일한 주제로 독립성을 지니고 있으면서도 궁극적으로는 총 290수가 상호 연관되고 연결되어, 부령에서의 시인의 생활과 북방의 풍토를 총체적으로 살펴볼 수 있게 한다.
담정이 가장 많이 다룬 주제가 인물에 관한 것이다. 사람들에 대한 시는 자기를 괴롭히던 인물들, 가까이 지내던 제자와 여인들, 마을 사람들에까지 시선이 가 있다. 그러나 ｢사유악부｣에 나오는 인물의 중심은 어디까지나 연희(蓮姬)라는 여인에 두어져 있다. 총 290수 중 여인들이 등장하는 시가 80여 수가 되지만, 연희가 등장하는 시가 50수가 넘는다. 연희의 성은 지(池)이며 이름은 연화(蓮華)이다. 자는 춘심(春心), 호는 하헌(蕸軒) 또는 천영루 주인(天香英樓主人)이며 담정이 부령에서 만난 부기(府妓)였다.
연희는 시인 담정 김려가 1797년에 함경도 부령으로 유배되었을 때 유배객의 시중을 들어 주는 배수첩(配修妾)이 되었다. 연희는 담정을 이해하고서로 마음을 나누는 사이가 되었으며, 시인의 일상생활까지 돌봐준다. 시에 나오는 연희에 대한 시인의 묘사는 유배지에서 만난 심상한 기생으로 대하는 것이 아니라, 지기로 대접하고 있으며 아낌없는 애정을 표현하고 있다.
담정은 1801년에 부령에서 진해로 이배된 후 연희와 함께 지냈던 몇 년 간의 아름다운 추억을 떠올리며 주옥같은 연가(戀歌)를 지었다. 담정은 진해에서 부령과 연희를 그리워하며, “서서도 생각하고 앉아서도 생각하며 걷거나 누워 있을 때에도 생각한다. 혹 잠시 생각하기도 하고, 혹 한참 생각하기도 한다. 생각하면 할수록 더욱더 잊을 수가 없다.”고 하였다.
담정은 부령을 떠나 진해로 온 후 객사의 방 창문에 ‘사유(思牖)’라는 편액을 달았다. 그리고, 그리운 사연을 하나하나 시에 담아 ｢사유악부｣를 엮었다. ‘사유’는 북쪽 땅 부령, 그리고 사랑하는 연희를 그리는 마음에서 붙인 이름이므로 ‘생각의 창’ 혹은 ‘그리움의 창’이라고 새길 수도 있을 것이다.
｢사유악부｣ 시는 순서가 없이 정리되어 그 시간 경과를 알 수 없다. 담정은 ｢사유악부｣의 마지막 수인 제290수에서 시의 편찬 순서를, “이 시 총 3백 수는 순서가 없다. 그러나 경탁(景鐸)이 편집한 것이 매우 정연해서 마치 차례가 있는 것처럼 되었다.”4)고 기술하고 있다. 그러나 시 290수를 모두 살펴보고 나면, 종횡으로 얽혀진 사람들과 사건들이 순차적으로 연결되어 펼쳐지고 인과관계로 얽혀있음을 알게 한다.

출판사 서평

담정 김려의 유배생활의 추억들을 7언절구로 약 290여편의 시조로 남겨놓은 역사적인 가치를 충분히 가지고 있는 자료로써, 조선의 시대상을 그림으로 표현하듯 그려내고 있다. 역자 이두순 선생의 역사와 문학에 대한 깊은 지식 및 이해가 김려의 마음을 우리에게 생생하게 전해준다.

작가정보

저자(글) 김려

김려 연보
1766년: 3월 13일, 연안김씨 가문 김재칠(金載七)의 장남으로 태어나다.
1780년: 성균관에 들어가다. 당시 유행하던 패사소품체(稗史小品體)의 문
장을 익히다.
1787년: 아들 김기연(金夔淵)이 태어나다.
1788년: 10월, 모친상을 당하다.
1791년: 생원이 되다.
1792년: 진사시에 급제하다. 6월, 아들 김려연(金虑淵)이 태어나다. 김조순
(金祖淳)과 함께 자신의 작품을 모아 ‘우초속지(虞初續志)’라는 패
사소품집(稗史小品集)을 내다.
1797년: 11월, 강이천(姜彛天)의 비어사건에 연좌되어 경원부(慶源府)에
유배되는 도중 정조 왕의 특명으로 부령(富寧)으로 이배되다.
1798년: 1월, 부령에 도착하여 ‘기몽시(記夢詩)’를 짓다. 이때부터 진해(鎭
海)로 이배될 때까지 부령에서 유배 생활을 하다.
1799년: 1월, 부친상을 당하다. 수절하던 부령의 기생 영산옥을 위해 부령
부사 유상량(柳相亮)의 잘못을 풍자한 ‘정안전(貞雁傳)’을 지어 필
화사건에 연루되다.
1801년: 신유사옥(辛酉邪獄)이 일어나서 이상겸(李象謙)의 상소로 인하여
천주교도인 강이천 등과 교유했다는 죄목으로 다시 형신(刑訊)을
받고 진해(鎭海)로 이배되다. 10월, ‘사유악부(思牖樂府)’를 짓다.
1803년: 진해에서 ‘우해이어보(牛海異魚譜)’를 짓다.
1806년: 10월, 아들 김유악(金維岳)이 아버지가 무죄함을 주장하여 재심을
요청하였고, 이에 10년의 유배 생활에서 풀리다.
1807년: 아버지의 묘가 있는 공주에서 3년간 시묘를 살다.
1808년: 여름, 서울로 들어와서 ‘의당별고(擬唐別藁)’를 완성하다.
1811년: 삼청동으로 이사해서 시집 ‘만선와승고(萬蟬窩賸稿)’를 짓다.
1812년: 의금부에서 처음 벼슬살이를 시작하다.
1813년: ‘취련봉기(翠蓮峯記)’를 짓다.
1816년: 겨울, 정릉참봉(靖陵參奉)이 되다.
1817년: 가을, 경기전령(慶基殿令)이 되었다가 10월, 연산(連山) 현감이 되다.
1819년: 3월, 연산 현감에서 체직되어 돌아오다. 5월, ‘감담일기권후(坎窞
日記卷後)’를 짓다. 7월, ‘귀현관권후(歸玄觀卷後)’를 짓다.
1820년: 9월, ‘간성춘예집권후(艮城春囈集卷後)’를 짓다.
1821년: 4월, ‘만선와승고권후(萬蟬窩賸稿卷後)’를 짓다. 9월 16일, 함양
(咸陽) 군수로 재임 중 사망하다.
1882년: 손자인 고령(高靈) 현감 김겸수(金謙秀)가 활자로 문집 담정유고
(藫庭遺稿)를 간행하다.

번역 이두순

하상(夏祥) 이두순(李斗淳)1944년생. 서울대학교 농과대학을 졸업하고 교토(京都)대학에서 박사학위를 받았다. 2002년 한국농촌경제연구원에서 선임연구위원으로 퇴직한후 개인 취향의 글을 쓰고 있다.농업 관련 연구서 외에 호박씨와 적비(2002), 한시와 낚시(2008),기후에 대한 조선의 도전, 측우기(2012), 수변의 단상(2013), 고전과설화속의 우리 물고기(2013), 은어(2014), 농업과 측우기(2015),평역 난호어명고(2015), 신역 자산어보(2016), 우해이어보와 다른어보들(2017), 연꽃의 여인, 연희(2017), 문틈으로 본 조선의 농업과사회상(2018), 초부유고, 늙은 나무꾼의 노래(2019), 견지낚시의 역사와 고증(2019), 낚시를 읊은 우리 옛 시(2020), 농촌의 노래, 농부의노래(2020), 노년의 시(2021)와 같은 책을 썼다. 본명과 이하상이란 필명으로 책을 펴내고 있다.

감수 김지한

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