기원부터 공화정 말기까지 로마의 의회. The Book of The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic, by George Willis Botsford

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기원부터 공화정 말기까지 로마의 의회. The Book of The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic, by George Willis Botsford
고대로마로부터 로마제국의 공화정 까지의 로마의 입법기관에 대해서 쓴책.
기원부터 공화정 말기까지 로마의 의회. 입법기관.집회. 에 대해서 쓴책.
한국의 국회도 Assembly 라고 함. 국회의원은 Assembly man 이라함. . 미국의 상원은 Senate. Senator. Roman Senate로 부터 옴. 미국의 의회제도중에서 상당부분은 이런 로마제국의 입법제도로부터옴. 한국의 입법제도는 외형만 이런 것과 대영제국의 외형을 모방.

THE ROMAN ASSEMBLIES
[ii]

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK. BOSTON. CHICAGO
ATLANTA. SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED
LONDON. BOMBAY. CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD.
TORONTO
________________________________________
[iii]
THE
ROMAN ASSEMBLIES
FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THE END
OF THE REPUBLIC
BY
GEORGE WILLIS BOTSFORD
PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
AUTHOR OF “THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION,”
“A HISTORY OF GREECE,” “A HISTORY OF ROME,”
“AN ANCIENT HISTORY,” ETC.
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1909
All rights reserved
[iv]
COPYRIGHT, 1909,
BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1909.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing Co.―Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.

The Roman Assemblies were institutions in ancient Rome.
They functioned as the machinery of the Roman legislative branch, and thus theoretically at least passed all legislation. Since the assemblies operated on the basis of a direct democracy, ordinary citizens, and not elected representatives, would cast all ballots. The assemblies were subject to strong checks on their power by the executive branch and by the Roman Senate. Laws were passed and magistrates elected by Curia in the Curiate Assembly, Tribes in the Tribal Assembly, and century in the Centuriate Assembly.
...When the city of Rome was founded traditionally dated at 753 BC , a senate and an assembly, the Curiate Assembly, were both created. The Curiate Assembly was the principal legislative assembly during the era of the Roman Kingdom. While its primary purpose was to elect new kings, it also possessed rudime

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기원부터 공화정 말기까지 로마의 의회. The Book of The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic, by George Willis Botsford


CONTENTS
PAGES
PART I
ELEMENTS OF THE COMITIAL CONSTITUTION 1-118

CHAPTER I
THE POPULUS AND ITS EARLIEST POLITICAL DIVISIONS 1-15

CHAPTER II
THE SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRIMITIVE POPULUS 16-47

CHAPTER III
THE THIRTY-FIVE TRIBES 48-65

CHAPTER IV
THE CENTURIES AND THE CLASSES 66-99

CHAPTER V
THE AUSPICES 100-118

PART II
THE ASSEMBLIES: ORGANIZATION, PROCEDURE, AND FUNCTIONS, RESOLUTIONS, STATUTES, AND CASES 119-477

CHAPTER VI
COMITIA AND CONCILIUM 119-138

CHAPTER VII
THE CONTIO 139-151

CHAPTER VIII
THE CALATA COMITIA 152-167[x]

CHAPTER IX
THE COMITIA CURIATA 168-200

CHAPTER X
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMITIA CENTURIATA 201-228

CHAPTER XI
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE COMITIA CENTURIATA 229-261

CHAPTER XII
THE COMITIA TRIBUTA AND THE RISE OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, TO 449 262-282

CHAPTER XIII
THE COMITIA TRIBUTA AND THE RISE OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, FROM 449 TO 287 283-316

CHAPTER XIV
THE JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE COMITIA TRIBUTA, FROM 287 TO THE END OF THE REPUBLIC 317-329

CHAPTER XV
COMITIAL LEGISLATION, FROM HORTENSIUS TO THE GRACCHI 330-362

CHAPTER XVI
COMITIAL LEGISLATION, FROM THE GRACCHI TO SULLA 363-411

CHAPTER XVII
COMITIAL LEGISLATION, FROM SULLA TO THE END OF THE REPUBLIC 412-461

CHAPTER XVIII
THE COMPOSITION AND PRESERVATION OF STATUTES, COMITIAL PROCEDURE, AND COMITIAL DAYS 462-472

CHAPTER XIX
A SUMMARY OF COMITIAL HISTORY 473-477

BIBLIOGRAPHY 479-498

INDEX 499-521

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기원부터 공화정 말기까지 로마의 의회. The Book of The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic, by George Willis Botsford


PREFACE
This volume is the first to offer in monographic form a detailed treatment of the popular assemblies of ancient Rome. Necessarily much of the material in it may be found in earlier works; but recent progress in the field, involving a reaction against certain theories of Niebuhr and Mommsen affecting the comitia, justifies a systematic presentation of existing knowledge of the subject. This task has required patient labor extending through many years. The known sources and practically all the modern authorities have been utilized. A determination to keep free from conventional ideas, so as to look at the sources freshly and with open mind, has brought views of the assemblies not found in other books. The reader is earnestly requested not to reject an interpretation because it seems new but to examine carefully the grounds on which it is given. In general the aim has been to follow a conservative historical method as opposed to the radical juristic, to build up generalizations on facts rather than to estimate sources by the criterion of a preconceived theory. The primary object of the volume, however, is not to defend a point of view but to serve as a book of study and reference for those who are interested in the history, law, and constitution of ancient Rome and in comparative institutional research.
In the preparation of the volume, I have been generously aided by my colleagues in Columbia University. To Professor William M. Sloane, Head of the Department of History, I owe a great debt of gratitude for kindly sympathy and encouragement in the work. It is an especial good fortune that the proofs have been read by Professor James C. Egbert. Many improvements are due to his scholarship and editorial experience. Professor George N. Olcott has advised me on various numismatic matters, and I am indebted to Dr. John L. Gerig[viii] for in

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George Willis Botsford 기원부터 공화정 말기까지 로마의 의회. The Book of The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic, by George Willis Botsford
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THE ROMAN ASSEMBLIES[ii]THE MACMILLAN COMPANYNEW YORK. BOSTON. CHICAGOATLANTA. SAN FRANCISCOMACMILLAN & CO., LIMITEDLONDON. BOMBAY. CALCUTTAMELBOURNETHE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD.TORONTO________________________________________[iii]THEROMAN ASSEMBLIESFROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THE ENDOF THE REPUBLICBYGEORGE WILLIS BOTSFORDPROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYAUTHOR OF “THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION,”“A HISTORY OF GREECE,” “A HISTORY OF ROME,”“AN ANCIENT HISTORY,” ETC.New YorkTHE MACMILLAN COMPANY1909All rights reserved[iv]COPYRIGHT, 1909,BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1909.Norwood PressJ. S. Cushing Co.―Berwick & Smith Co.Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.