화석 식물 제1권.The Book of Fossil Plants Vol. I, by Albert Charles Seward

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화석 식물 제1권.The Book of Fossil Plants Vol. I, by Albert Charles Seward

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FOSSIL PLANTS
FOR STUDENTS OF BOTANY AND GEOLOGY
BY
A. C. SEWARD, M.A., F.G.S.
ST JOHN’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
LECTURER IN BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOL. I.
CAMBRIDGE:
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1898

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화석 식물 제1권.The Book of Fossil Plants Vol. I, by Albert Charles Seward

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
―――――――
PART I. GENERAL.

CHAPTER I.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. Pp. 1？11.

CHAPTER II.

RELATION OF PALAEOBOTANY TO BOTANY AND GEOLOGY. Pp. 12？21.

CHAPTER III.

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY. Pp. 22？53.

x
CHAPTER IV.

THE PRESERVATION OF PLANTS AS FOSSILS. Pp. 54？92.

CHAPTER V.

DIFFICULTIES AND SOURCES OF ERROR IN THE DETERMINATION OF FOSSIL PLANTS. Pp. 93？109.
CHAPTER VI.

NOMENCLATURE. Pp. 110？115.

xiPART II. SYSTEMATIC.

CHAPTER VII.

THALLOPHYTA. Pp. 116？228.
PAGE
I. PERIDINIALES
117？118
II. COCCOSPHERES AND RHABDOSPHERES
118？121
III. SCHIZOPHYTA
121？138
122？132

132？138

IV. ALGAE
138？205
V. MYXOMYCETES (MYCETOZOA)
205？206
VI. FUNGI
207？222
VII. CHAROPHYTA
222？228
CHAPTER VIII.

BRYOPHYTA. Pp. 229？241.
I. HEPATICAE
230？236

II. MUSCI
236？241

CHAPTER IX.

PTERIDOPHYTA (VASCULAR CRYPTOGRAMS). Pp. 242？294.
I. EQUISETALES (RECENT)
244？254


II. xiiiFOSSIL EQUISETALES
254？294
CHAPTER X.

EQUISETALES (continued). Pp. 295？388.
D. CALAMITES
295？383
I. Historical sketch
295？302
II. Description of the anatomy of Calamites
302？364

III. Pith-casts of Calamites
365？380

IV. Conclusion
381？383
E. ARCHAEOCALAMITES
383？388
xivCHAPTER XI.

SPHENOPHYLLALES. Pp. 389？414.
I. SPHENOPHYLLUM
389？414
A. The anatomy of Sphenophyllum
392？406
B. Types of vegetative Branches of Sphenophyllum
407？412

C. Affinities, Range and Habit of Sphenophyllum
412？414

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화석 식물 제1권.The Book of Fossil Plants Vol. I, by Albert Charles Seward

PREFACE.
IN acceding to Mr Shipley’s request to write a book on Fossil Plants for the Cambridge Natural History Series, I am well aware that I have undertaken a work which was considered too serious a task by one who has been called a “founder of modern Palaeobotany.” I owe more than I am able to express to the friendship and guidance of the late Professor Williamson; and that I have attempted a work to which he consistently refused to commit himself, requires a word of explanation. My excuse must be that I have endeavoured to write a book which may render more accessible to students some of the important facts of Palaeobotany, and suggest lines of investigation in a subject which Williamson had so thoroughly at heart.
The subject of Palaeobotany does not readily lend itself to adequate treatment in a work intended for both geological and botanical students. The Botanist and Geologist are not always acquainted with each other’s subject in a sufficient degree to appreciate the significance of Palaeobotany in its several points of contact with Geology and recent Botany. I have endeavoured to bear in mind the possibility that the following pages may be read by both non-geological and non-botanical students. It needs but a slight acquaintance with Geology for a Botanist to estimate the value of the most important applications of Palaeobotany; on the other hand, the bearing of fossil plants on the problems of phylogeny andvi descent cannot be adequately understood without a fairly intimate knowledge of recent Botany.
The student of elementary geology is not as a rule required to concern himself with vegetable palaeontology, beyond a general acquaintance with such facts as are to be found in geological text-books. The advanced student will necessarily find in these pages much with which he is already familiar; but this is to some extent unavoidable in a book which is written with the dual object of appealing to Botanists and Geologists. While considering those who may wish to extend their botanical or geological knowledge by an acquaintance with Palaeobotany, my aim has been to keep in view the requirements of the student who may be induced to approach the subject from the standpoint of an original investigator. As a possible assistance to those undertaking research in this promising field of work, I have given more references than may seem appropriate to an introductory treatise, and there are certain questions dealt with in greater detail than an elementary treatment of the subject requires. In several instances references are given in the text or in footnotes to specimens of Coal-Measure plants in the Williamson cabinet of microscopic sections. Now that this invaluable collection of slides has been acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum, the student of Palaeobotany has the opportunity of investigating for himself the histology of Palaeozoic plants.

In conclusion I wish more particularly to thank my wife, who has drawn by far the greater number of the illustrations, and has in many other ways assisted me in the preparation of this Volume.
In Volume II the Systematic treatment of Plants will be concluded, and the last chapters will be devoted to such subjects as geological floras, plants as rock-builders, fossil plants and evolution, and other general questions connected with Palaeobotany.
A. C. SEWARD.
BOTANICAL LABORATORY, CAMBRIDGE.
March, 1898.

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저자(글) Albert Charles Seward

화석 식물 제1권.The Book of Fossil Plants Vol. I, by Albert Charles Seward

영국의 캠브리지대학교 교수 저술가.FOSSIL PLANTSFOR STUDENTS OF BOTANY AND GEOLOGYBYA. C. SEWARD, M.A., F.G.S.ST JOHN’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,LECTURER IN BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.VOL. I.CAMBRIDGE:AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.1898