허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제1권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer

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허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제1권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer
이책은 1898년도 당시의 영국의 생물학적인 여러 분야를 정리해서 책으로 만듬 그리고 생물의 대사및 진화분야를 다룸. 자세한 것은 목차를 따라서 본문에서 확인요함.

THE PRINCIPLES OF
BIOLOGY
BY
HERBERT SPENCER

IN TWO VOLUMES
VOLUME I
NEW YORK AND LONDON
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
1910
COPYRIGHT, 1866, 1898,
BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.

스펜서는 헉슬리 그리고 닥터훅거 등에게 서문에서 감사를 표시하고 서문의 여러 책들을 독학해서 책을 만듬. 허버트 스펜서의 책인 종합철학체계 The Synthetic Philosophy (전10권)는 1860년 개요를 발표하고 1896년까지 36년간 발표. 제1권 제1원리 First Principles (1862), 제2,3권 생물학 원리 Principles of Biology (1864-1867), 제4,5권 심리학 원리 Principles of Psychology (1870-1872), 제6,7,8권 사회학 원리 Principles of Sociology (1876-1896), 제9,10권 윤리학 원리 Principles of Ethics (1879-1893) 등 순차적으로 간행된 대저서로서, 우주의 생성에서부터 인간사회의 도덕원리 전개에 까지의 모든 것을 진화(evolution)의 원리에 따라 조직적으로 기술. 이는 다윈의 종의 기원(1859)의 생물 진화론을 중심으로 하는 다윈주의 운동과 결합하여 1870년대 후에 더 진보된 지식을 전함.

Save in the case of the preliminary portion, bristling with the technicalities of Organic Chemistry (including the pages on "Metabolism"), I have not submitted the proofs, either of the new chapters or of the revised chapters, to the gentlemen above named. The abstention has resulted partly from reluctance to trespass on their time to a greater extent than was originally arranged, and partly from the desire to avoid complicating my own work. During the interval occupied in the preparation of this volume the printers have kept pace with me, and I have feared adding to the entailed attention the further attention which correspondence and discussion would have absorbed: feeling that it was better to risk minor inaccuracies than to leave the volume unfinished: an event which at one time appeared probable. I make this statement because, in its absence, one or other of these gentlemen might be held responsible for some error which is not his but mine.
Yet another explanation is called for. Beyond the exposition of those general truths constituting the Principles of Biology as commonly acce

목차

허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제1권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer

CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
________________________________________
PART I.―THE DATA OF BIOLOGY.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. ―ORGANIC MATTER
3

II. ―THE ACTIONS OF FORCES ON ORGANIC MATTER
27

III. ―THE RE-ACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER ON FORCES
45

IIIA. ―METABOLISM
62

IV. ―PROXIMATE CONCEPTION OF LIFE
78

V. ―THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN LIFE AND ITS CIRCUMSTANCES
91

VI. ―THE DEGREE OF LIFE VARIES AS THE DEGREE OF CORRESPONDENCE
101

VIA. ―THE DYNAMIC ELEMENT IN LIFE
111

VII. ―THE SCOPE OF BIOLOGY
124

PART II.―THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY.
I. ―GROWTH
135

II. ―DEVELOPMENT
162

IIA. ―STRUCTURE
181

III. ―FUNCTION
197

IV. ―WASTE AND REPAIR
213

V. ―ADAPTATION
227

VI. ―INDIVIDUALITY
244

VIA. ―CELL-LIFE AND CELL-MULTIPLICATION
252

VII. ―GENESIS
269

VIII. ―HEREDITY
301

IX. ―VARIATION
320

X. ―GENESIS, HEREDITY, AND VARIATION
336

{xii}
XA. ―GENESIS, HEREDITY, AND VARIATION―Concluded
356

XI. ―CLASSIFICATION
374

XII. ―DISTRIBUTION
395

PART III.―THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE.
I. ―PRELIMINARY
415

II. ―GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE SPECIAL-CREATION-HYPOTHESIS
417

III. ―GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE EVOLUTION-HYPOTHESIS
431

IV. ―THE ARGUMENTS FROM CLASSIFICATION
441

V. ―THE ARGUMENTS FROM EMBRYOLOGY
450

VI. ―THE ARGUMENTS FROM MORPHOLOGY
468

VII. ―THE ARGUMENTS FROM DISTRIBUTION
476

VIII. ―HOW IS ORGANIC EVOLUTION CAUSED?
490

IX. ―EXTERNAL FACTORS
499

X. ―INTERNAL FACTORS
508

XI. ―DIRECT EQUILIBRATION
519

XII. ―INDIRECT EQUILIBRATION
529

XIII. ―THE CO-OPERATION OF THE FACTORS
549

XIV. ―THE CONVERGENCE OF THE EVIDENCES
554

XIVA. ―RECENT CRITICISMS AND HYPOTHESES
559

APPENDICES.
A. ―THE GENERAL LAW OF ANIMAL FERTILITY
577

B. ―THE INADEQUACY OF NATURAL SELECTION, ETC.
602

C. ―THE INHERITANCE OF FUNCTIONALLY-WROUGHT MODIFICATIONS:
A SUMMARY
692

D. ―ON ALLEGED "SPONTANEOUS GENERATION" AND ON THE HYPOTHESIS
OF PHYSIOLOGICAL UNITS
696

출판사 서평

허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제1권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer

PREFACE
TO THE REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION.
Rapid in all directions, scientific progress has during the last generation been more rapid in the direction of Biology than in any other; and had this work been one dealing with Biology at large, the hope of bringing it up to date could not have been rationally entertained. But it is a work on the Principles of Biology; and to bring an exposition of these up to date, seemed not impossible with such small remnant of energy as is left me. Slowly, and often interrupted by ill-health, I have in the course of the last two years, completed this first volume of the final edition.
Numerous additions have proved needful. What was originally said about vital changes of matter has been supplemented by a chapter on "Metabolism." Under the title "The Dynamic Element in Life," I have added a chapter which renders less inadequate the conception of Life previously expressed. A gap in preceding editions, which should have been occupied by some pages on "Structure," is now filled up. Those astonishing actions in cell-nuclei which the microscope has of late revealed, will be found briefly set forth under the head of "Cell-Life and Cell-Multiplication." Further evidence and further thought have resulted in a supplementary chapter on "Genesis, Heredity, and Variation"; in which certain views {vi}enunciated in the first edition are qualified and developed. Various modern ideas are considered under the title "Recent Criticisms and Hypotheses." And the chapter on "The Arguments from Embryology" has been mainly rewritten. Smaller increments have taken the shape of new sections incorporated in pre-existing chapters. They are distinguished by the following section-marks:
―§ 8a, § 46a, § 87a, § 100a, § 113a, § 127a, §§ 130a-130d. There should also be mentioned a number of foot-notes of some significance not present in preceding editions. Of the three additional appendices the two longer ones have already seen the light in other shapes.
After these chief changes have now to be named the changes necessitated by revision. In making them assistance has been needful. Though many of the amendments have resulted from further thought and inquiry, a much larger number have been consequent on criticisms received from gentlemen whose aid I have been fortunate enough to obtain: each of them having taken a division falling within the range of his special studies. The part concerned with Organic Chemistry and its derived subjects, has been looked through by Mr. W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., F.R.S., Professor of Organic Chemistry, Owens College, Manchester. Plant Morphology and Physiology have been overseen by Mr. A. G. Tansley, M.A., F.L.S., Assistant Professor of Botany, University College, London. Criticisms upon parts dealing with Animal Morphology, I owe to Mr. E. W. MacBride, M.A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, Professor of Zoology in the McGill University, Montreal, and Mr. J. T. Cunningham, M.A., late Fellow of University {vii}College, Oxford. And the statements included under Animal Physiology have been checked by Mr. W. B. Hardy, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, Demonstrator of Physiology in the University. Where the discoveries made since 1864 have rendered it needful to change the text, either by omissions or qualifications or in some cases by additions, these gentlemen have furnished me with the requisite information.

작가정보

저자(글) Herbert Spencer

허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제1권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer
영국의 학자. 허버트 스펜서 (1820년-1903년, 영국의 작가

THE PRINCIPLES OF
BIOLOGY
BY
HERBERT SPENCER

IN TWO VOLUMES
VOLUME I
NEW YORK AND LONDON
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
1910
COPYRIGHT, 1866, 1898,
BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.