Electrophysiological biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: recent advances and clinical implications

• 발행기관: 대한신경모니터링학회
• 저자명: Hyun Seok Ryu
• 간행물 정보: 『Journal of Neuromonitoring & Neurophysiology』Vol.5 No.1, 1~13쪽, 전체 13쪽
• 주제분류: 의약학 > 일반외과학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.05.31

국문 초록

Electrophysiological biomarkers are critical tools for understanding and diagnosing major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease. These biomarkers reveal early disruptions in neural circuits before overt clinical symptoms become apparent. In Alzheimer's disease, electrophysiological changes such as hippocampal hyperexcitability, impaired synaptic plasticity, and disrupted theta-gamma oscillations strongly correlate with cognitive deficits and underlying pathological features like amyloid-beta and tau aggregation. Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal burst firing patterns of dopaminergic neurons, exaggerated beta oscillations within basal ganglia circuits, and impaired cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity, reflecting the effects of dopamine depletion and alpha-synuclein pathology. ALS demonstrates distinct electrophysiological features, notably hyperexcitability of motor neurons and impaired neuromuscular transmission, linked to mutant superoxide dismutase 1 and transactive response DNAbinding protein-43. Huntington's disease shows pronounced dysfunction in striatal circuits, marked by excitationinhibition imbalance and altered glutamatergic signaling, driven by mutant huntingtin toxicity. Collectively, these electrophysiological biomarkers provide early diagnostic insights and deepen our understanding of disease mechanisms, paving the way for targeted therapeutic interventions and improving the management and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

목차

Introduction

Alzheimer's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's Disease

Conclusion

Funding

Conflict of Interest

Data Availavility

Author Contributions

ORCID

References

키워드

Electrophysiological biomarkers, Neurodegenerative diseases, Synaptic plasticity