전시총동원체제기 사법보호단체의 가출옥자 관리와 노동력 동원 현황 - 『가출옥관계서류』(1941~1944)의 데이터 분석을 중심으로

• 영문명: The Management of Parolees by Judicial Protection Organizations and the Reality of Labor Mobilization during the Wartime Mobilization Regime : Focusing on Data Analysis of the Documents Related to Parolees(1941– 1944)
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 한상욱(Sang Uk Han)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제49집, 5~48쪽, 전체 44쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.12.30

국문 초록

The propaganda surrounding the judicial protection program, which purported to rehabilitate criminals into law-abiding citizens, was ultimately illusory. The judicial protection program, which sought to transform individuals into compliant members of the regime, redirected its focus to the previously neglected group of criminals during the wartime period of total mobilization, as a means of addressing the labor shortage. For the colonial government, mobilizing criminals proved advantageous in three respects: it supplemented the insufficient labor force, enhanced economic efficiency through the provision of cheap labor, and enabled the authorities to evade policy responsibility even when laborers perished as a result of brutal exploitation and harsh treatment. This illustrates the orientation of colonial policy aimed at mobilizing Koreans as human resources. An analysis of records from 1941 to 1944 revealed that 486 out of 3,827 parolees (12.6%) were entrusted to judicial protection organizations, with the majority housed in facilities far from their places of residence. Most of them belonged to socially vulnerable groups—unemployed individuals, family laborers, and small-scale farmers—whose livelihoods were precarious. In particular, this study tracked 30 cases, primarily first-time offenders in their twenties who were evaluated as “physically sound and capable of enduring any hard labor.” The analysis revealed a structure of labor mobilization: the prisoners’ “robust labor force” was initially deployed in the Prison Patriotic Service Corps (Bogukdae) and subsequently, following parole, mobilized once again for labor within judicial protection organizations. Contrary to the stated justification that judicial protection organizations aimed to create conditions for parolees’ self-reliance, the labor of these individuals was, in fact, diverted to finance the organizations’ operations. This study aims to elucidate the policy of criminal mobilization and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the demographics, types of offenses, and mobilization pathways of the parolees who were subjected to such mobilization.

영문 초록

犯罪人を保護し、善良な市民（良民）として更生させるという司法保護 事業のプロパガンダは、虚像に過ぎなかった。単に体制に順応する構成員へ と変貌させようという司法保護事業の目的は、戦時総動員体制期に入る と、人手不足を解消するための方法として、それまで度外視されていた犯罪 人に目を向けた。植民地当局にとって、犯罪人を動員することは、不足して いる労働力を補完するという側面、比較的安価な賃金を支払うことによっ て経済的効率性を高めるという側面、そしてもし無慈悲な酷使と過酷な処 遇によって犠牲になったとしても、政策的な責任を負う必要がないという 側面で有用であった。これは、朝鮮人を人的資源として動員しようとした植 民地政策の志向点を示していた。 1941年から1944年までの資料分析の結果、仮出獄者3,827人のうち12.6% にあたる486人が司法保護団体に委託され、その大多数が居住地から遠く 離れた保護団体に収容された。彼らの大多数は無職、日稼労働、農業など、 生計が困難な脆弱な階層であった。特に、「身体が健全でいかなる強労にも 耐える」という評価を受けた20代の初犯が主体をなす30名の事例を追跡し、 受刑者の「堅実な労働力」を刑務所の報国隊に一次動員し、仮出獄後に司法保護団体の労働に二次動員する「二重の動員」構造を分析した。保護団体が 自立の条件を講じるという名分とは異なり、彼らの労働力は実際には保護 団体の事業資金などに転用された。本研究は、犯罪人動員政策を究明し、動 員された仮出獄者の人的事項、犯罪類型および動員経路に対する立体的 な理解に貢献することを目的とした。

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 가출옥 제도의 성립과 행형기관의 ‘보호’사업

Ⅲ. 가출옥자의 사법보호단체 위탁 처분

Ⅳ. 범죄인 노동력의 동원

Ⅴ. 맺음말

참고문헌

키워드

사법보호 면수보호 형사정책 형무소/감옥 가출옥/가석방 강제동원 근로동원 전시총동원 보국대 Judicial Protection Protection for released Criminals Criminal Policy Prison/Jail Provisional Release Forced Mobilization Labor Mobilization Wartime Mobilization National Protection Corps