중국 기초 고문

김현주 , 정호준 지음

한국외국어대학교 지식출판콘텐츠원 2019년 04월 09일 출간

작품소개

책소개

백화운동白話運動이후 고대중국어는 입말이 아닌 서면어로 활용되어 문언문文言文 혹은 고문古文이라 칭한다. 고문은 고전산문, 고대 문장, 그리고 한국한문漢文을 통칭하는 것으로서, 역사서, 사상서, 고대문학작품, 경서 등을 말한다. 고문은 실용적이고 자유로운 문체이며, 중국고대에서부터 청나라에 이르기까지 중국의 사회, 문화, 사상, 정치에 대한 견해를 서술하여 널리 백성들을 교화하고 문화를 반영하는 현실 참여적 문장이었다. 또한 고문은 중국 민족의 사상과 문화를 그대로 담고 있어서 언어의 사회문화적 성격을 형성하는 근거가 되어왔다.
한국에서는 중국어 교육이 널리 보급되고 있는데 반해 고대중국어에 대한 교육의 필요성은 간과하고 있다. 이와 같은 현상은 한국 사회에 중국어학습이 아직 덜 성숙된 상태에 머무르고 있음을 의미하며, 중국학계에서조차 고급 중국어적 표현과 어휘에 다용되는 고대중국어를 학습해야할 필요성을 절감하지 못하고 있음을 나타낸다. 한국은 오랫동안 한자를 사용하여 왔고, 많은 한문문헌을 보유하고 있다. 한국인의 정신문화를 발양하고 중국의 사회문화를 더 잘 이해할 수 있게 하기 위해서는 고문교육이 절대 필요하다.

목차

서문 ······················································································ㆍ 3

제1부 한자의 기본 원리 및 구성 ············································· 11
1. 한자의 특성 ·······································································ㆍ 13
2. 육서(六書) ········································································· 18
3. 한자 자체(字體)의 발전 ·························································ㆍ 24
4. 한자찾기 ···········································································ㆍ 36
5. 필순(筆順) ········································································· 48
6. 어휘구성(구와 단어) ····························································ㆍ 49
제2부 중국어 고문의 문법이해 ··············································ㆍ 51

I. 고문의 품사 ········································································ 53
1. 명사 ·············································································ㆍ 53
2. 동사 ·············································································· 54
3. 형용사 ··········································································ㆍ 54
4. 수사 ·············································································· 54
5. 양사 ·············································································· 59
6. 대명사 ···········································································ㆍ 63
7. 부사 ··············································································ㆍ 64
8. 전치사 ···········································································ㆍ 67
9. 접속사 ···········································································ㆍ 68
10. 조사 ············································································ㆍ 70
11. 감탄사 ·········································································· 73
II. 고문의 구조 ······································································· 75
1. 주술 구조(주어＋서술어) ···················································· 75
2. 술목 구조(서술어＋목적어) ················································· 75
3. 술보 구조(서술어＋보어) ····················································· 76
4. 수식 구조(수식어＋피수식어) ··············································ㆍ 76
5. 병렬 구조 ·······································································ㆍ 76
III. 구 ··················································································ㆍ 77
1. 주술구 ··········································································· 77
2. 술목구 ··········································································· 78
3. 수식구 ··········································································· 78
4. 연합구 ··········································································· 79
5. 동등구 ··········································································· 79
6. 겸어구(兼語句) ································································ 79
7. 연동구(連動句) ································································ 80
8. 전치사구 ········································································ 80
IV. 주요 문형 ········································································ㆍ 81
1. 판단문 ··········································································· 81
2. 서술문 ··········································································· 82
3. 부정문 ··········································································· 83
4. 의문문 ··········································································· 84
5. 피동문 ··········································································· 85
6. 사역문 ···········································································ㆍ 85
7. 반어문 ···········································································ㆍ 86
8. 비교문 ···········································································ㆍ 87
9. 감탄문 ··········································································· 88
V. 문장성분 ··········································································· 89
1. 주어 ·············································································ㆍ 89
2. 술어 ·············································································· 90
3. 목적어 ···········································································ㆍ 90
4. 관형어 ···········································································ㆍ 91
5. 부사어 ··········································································· 92
6. 보어 ··············································································ㆍ 93
VI. 품사의 활용 ·····································································ㆍ 95
1. 명사의 동사화 ·································································ㆍ 95
2. 동사ㆍ형용사ㆍ명사의 사역 용법 ·············································· 96
3. 형용사ㆍ명사의 意動 용법 ····················································ㆍ 98
4. 명사의 부사화 ·································································ㆍ 99
5. 동사의 부사화 ································································ 103
제3부 단문독해 ··································································ㆍ 105
I. 단문연습(1) ······································································ㆍ 107
1. 상용성어 ······································································· 107
2. 명구 ··········································································· 112
II. 단문연습(2) ·····································································ㆍ 115
1. 守株待兎 ······································································· 115
2. 矛與楯 ·········································································ㆍ 118
3. 鄭人買履 ······································································· 122
4. 狐假虎威 ······································································· 125
5. 畵蛇添足 ······································································· 129
6. 鷸蚌相爭 ······································································ 132
7. 朝三暮四 ······································································· 137
8. 塞翁之馬 ······································································ㆍ 141
9. 刻舟求劍 ······································································· 145
10. 螳螂捕蟬 ····································································ㆍ 149
11. 勸學 ···········································································ㆍ 154
12. 敎學相長 ·····································································ㆍ 162
13. 苛政猛於虎 ··································································ㆍ 166
14. 小國寡民 ·····································································ㆍ 170
15. 馬說 ···········································································ㆍ 174
16. 陋室銘 ········································································ 178
17. 鄒忌諷齊王納諫 ····························································ㆍ 183
18. 孟子選讀 ·····································································ㆍ 189
19. 論語選讀 ·····································································ㆍ 194
20. 愚公移山 ····································································· 202
제4부 고전 명작 독해 ·························································· 211
1. 大學 ············································································· 213
2. 孟子-王無罪歲章 ····························································· 216
3. 漁父辭 ·········································································· 219
4. 諫逐客書 ······································································ㆍ 222
5. 孟嘗君列傳-鷄鳴狗盜 ······················································ㆍ 230
6. 出師表 ·········································································· 235
7. 陳情表 ·········································································ㆍ 242
8. 桃花源記 ······································································ 248
9. 春夜宴桃李園序 ······························································ 252
10. 師說 ··········································································· 255
11. 捕蛇者說 ·····································································ㆍ 259
12. 朋黨論 ········································································ 263
13. 岳陽樓記 ···································································· 268
14. 前赤壁賦 ·····································································ㆍ 272
15. 愛蓮說 ········································································ 279
제5부 시(詩)와 사(詞) ·························································· 281
1. 七步詩 ·········································································· 283
2. 登?雀樓 ······································································ㆍ 285
3. 靜夜思 ·········································································ㆍ 286
4. 送杜少府之任蜀州 ···························································ㆍ 287
5. 山居秋暝 ······································································ㆍ 290
6. 登高 ············································································· 293
7. 望江南 ·········································································· 296
8. 憶江南 ·········································································ㆍ 297
9. 虞美人 ·········································································· 299
10. 定風波 ········································································ 301

책 속으로

大學之道, 在明明德, 在親民, 在止於至善? 知止而后有定, 定而后能靜, 靜而后能安, 安而后能慮, 慮而后能得? 物有本末, 事有終始,知所先後,則近道矣?古之欲明明德於天下者,先治其國。欲治其國者,先齊其家。欲齊其家者, 先修其身。欲修其身者, 先正其心。欲正其心者, 先誠其意。欲誠其意者,先致其知,致知在格物?物格而后知至,知至而后意誠,意誠而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齊,家齊而后國治,國治而后天下平?自天子以至於庶人,壹是皆以修身爲本?其本亂,而末治者否矣。其所厚者薄,而其所薄者厚, 未之有也?(經)

『대학(大學)』: 『논어(論語)』?『맹자(孟子)』?『중용(中庸)』과 함께 사서(四書)의 하나이다. 『대학』은 본래 『중용』과 더불어서 『예기(禮記)』 중에 한 편(42편)이었던 것으로 장절(章節)의 구분이 없었다. 그러다가 송(宋)나라의 주희(朱熹)가 『사서장구(四書章句)』를 편찬하면서 정이(程?)의 견해에 따라 경(經) 1장(章), 전(傳) 10장으로 나누었다. 그러면서 주희는 경은 공자(孔子)의 말한 것을 증자(曾子)가 기술한 것이고, 전은 증자의 풀이를 그 제자들이 기록한 것이라고 하였다. 주된 내용은 삼강령(三綱領) 팔조목(八條目)으로 대표되는 유가의 윤리?정치의 이념을 기록 설명하였다.

작가정보

저자(글) 김현주

한국외국어대학교 대학원 중어중문학과 & 중국어통번역학과 교수로 한국외국어대학교 중국어과와 대학원 중문과를 졸업하고 국립대만사범대학 국문연구소에서 문학박사학위를 받았다. 주요 저서로 『당오대돈황민가』, 『돈황곡자사선집』등이 있고, 역서로 『중국사회 속의 종교』 (공역), 『장자』 (공역), 『유영사평전』 (공역) 등이 있다.

저자(글) 정호준

한국외국어대학교 중국어통번역과 강사로, 한국외국어대학교 중국어과를 졸업하였고, 同대학원에서 석사, 박사 학위를 취득하였다. (중국 고전시 전공), 「두보의 진주 시기시에 나타난 생태의식 연구」를 비롯한 20여 편의 논문과 『신제악부/정악부』, 『그대를 만나, 이 생이 아름답다.』, 『백거의 시선』, 『장자- 그 절대적 자유를 향하여』(공역), 『한비자: 제왕학의 창시자』 (공역) 등의 역서가 있다.