Seventy Years of Reforestation in the Republic of Korea

이경준 , 윤여창 , 최인화 , 구창덕 , 김의경 , 지음

서울대학교출판문화원 2019년 12월 30일 출간

작품소개

책소개

“70년간의 한국 산림녹화의 역사를 살펴봄으로써
한반도의 지속가능한 발전을 위한
숲과 사회의 관계를 정립하다”



한국은 1945년 광복 이후 사회적 혼란, 1950년 6·25전쟁으로 인한 시설 파괴와 극심한 가난을 딛고 짧은 기간에 산림녹화를 완성하였다. 전 세계적으로 이렇게 짧은 기간 동안 산림녹화에 성공한 예가 없기 때문에 한국의 산림녹화는 20세기의 기적으로 알려져 있다. 이 책은 이러한 한국 산림녹화의 역사를 살펴봄으로써 우리의 자랑스러운 산림녹화 역사를 기록으로 남기고, 한반도의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 숲과 사회의 관계를 정립하고자 한다.

목차

Preface 5

Chapter 1. Overview: Forest Restoration in Korea | Youn Yeo-Chang
1. Forests in Light of Changing Times 12
2. Changes in Terms of Forest Resources 17
3. Protection of Forest Resources 23
4. Erosion Control, Reforestation, and Tree Care 37
5. Use of Forest Resources and Mountainous Village Development (1945？2015) 61
6. Forest Management System 67
7. Changes in Forest Law 76
8. Leaders of Forest Restoration 78
9. Success Factors of Forest Restoration and Lessons Learned 91
10. Future Use and Management of Forests 98

Chapter 2. The First and Second Ten-Year Forest Rehabilitation Plans | Lee Kyung Joon
1. Background of Forest Rehabilitation Plans 102
2. The First Ten-Year Forest Rehabilitation Plan (1973？1982) 109
3. The Second Ten-Year Forest Rehabilitation Plan (1979？1988) 154
4. Success and Significance of the First and Second Ten-Year Forest Rehabilitation Plans 195
5. Conclusions 200

Chapter 3. Enactment and Revision of Forest Reclamation Laws | Choi In Hwa
1. Political Background of Forest Reclamation Laws 204
2. Current Condition of Forest Reclamation Laws 210
3. Major Contents of Acts Related to Forest Reclamation during Each Period 225
4. Comprehensive Reviews on Forest Reclamation Laws 277

Chapter 4. Contributions of Forest Science and Technology | Koo Chang Duck
1. Correlation between Forest Reclamation and Forest Science and Technology 292
2. Foundation of Institutions for Forest Science and Technology Development 294
3. Forest Reclamation Technology 315
4. Foundation for Solutions to Global Environmental Problems 366

Chapter 5. Roles of the Forestry Cooperative in the Process of Forest Reclamation | Kim Eui-Gyeong
1. Birth and Change of the Forestry Cooperative 370
2. Reforestation Projects and the Forestry Cooperative 378
3. Erosion Control Projects and the Forestry Cooperative 394
4. Effects of Forest Reclamation Projects on Villages 398
5. Lessons from the Forestry Cooperative as a Local Forest Managing Entity 409

Chapter 6. Promotion of Multipurpose Environmental Forestry through Forest Reclamation | Kim Se Bin
1. Reduction of Natural Disasters 412
2. Public Functions of Forests 416
3. Changes and Achievements of Policies for Forests’ Public Function Improvement 431
4. Production and Demand for Non-timber Forest Products 440
5. Changes and Achievements of Non-timber Forest Product Policies 447
6. Benchmarking of the Successful Case of Forest Reclamation 461

References 469

책 속으로

In the late Joseon Dynasty, this country was invaded by the Empire of Japan and ended up descending into a colony of Japan in 1910. According to Hulbert(1906), forests in Joseon were mostly devastated at that time. By the year 1910 when Korea was annexed to Japan, its population was 16,540,000 and the population density was 75/km2. The population increased to 25,260,000 in 1945 with a population density of 114/km2. (12p)

Forests over the Korean Peninsula started to become bare in the early nineteenth century, and by the early twentieth century, most hills near villages around the country became barren. As the country went through the Japanese Colonial Period, national liberation, and the turmoil of the Korean War, fields and mountains became extremely devastated that they seemed irredeemable. (102p)

In the history of forest reclamation in Korea, changes in forest policies are as follows: The royalty-centered feudalistic forest land system during the Goryo and Joseon periods went through the period of forestry administration(1910？1945) under the colonial rule that involved a large volume of forest felling, along with the distorted modernization of forestry under the special political, social, and economic situations after the Japanese invasion at the end of the Joseon Dynasty. (204p)

Today, some may say about domestic mountains: “Valuable trees are insufficient,” “more valuable trees should have been planted in the 1970s,” or “forests were not managed adequately at that time.” It may be true that our domestic tree species of better quality could have been planted back then. In ecological perspectives, however, the restorative capability of domestic forests at that time was as low as 0.2m3/ha/yr. (292p)

The Forestry Cooperative is rooted from the Pine Cooperative. It is widely known that cooperatives started to be founded back in the era of the Unified Silla in 7th century and were prevalent in the Joseon Era in 15th century. The types varied depending on their purposes and methods. For example, Dong/Ri Cooperatives were established for villages to construct roads, bridges, reservoirs for irrigation, embankments, feasts at village shrines, four major ceremonial occasions, and joint purchases of agricultural tools. (370p)

As natural disasters such as flood and droughts frequently led to casualties and material loss throughout history, one of the most important virtues of kings and leaders was conservation of rivers and forests. In the temperate climate of Korea where four seasons are distinctive, however, floods due to typhoons and localized torrential downpours in summer and long droughts in spring and fall caused a lot of damage. (412p)

작가정보

저자(글) 이경준

He graduated from the Dept. of Forestry, Seoul National University, and received a M. S. degree in forestry from the University of Wisconsin, and Ph. D. in Forestry from the University of Florida, USA. He worked as a professor at the Dept. of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, and is currently Professor Emeritus. He served as President of the Korean Forest Society. His major publications include books titled Tree Physiology, Landscape Tree Management, Arbor Medicine, and How Korea Was Successful in Reforestation.

저자(글) 윤여창

He graduated from Seoul National University and received a Ph. D. from the University of Washington in Forest Economics, USA. He worked as a researcher at the National Institute of Forest Science and a professor at the University of Washington. He is currently a professor in ecological economics at the Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University. He served as President of the Korean Forest Society and the Korean Forest Economics Society. His major publications include Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Sustaining Communities, Ecosystems and Biocultural Diversity eds. Parrotta and Trosper, Chapter 16 (Northeast Asia), Springer, Comparative Study on Environmental Policy in South and North Korea, and Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and Forest Sector: Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism in Asia, KSI.

저자(글) 최인화

He graduated from the Department of Forestry, Kangwon National University, and received a Ph. D. from Hokkaido University, Japan. He is currently a professor at the Department of Forest Management, Kangwon National University. He served as President of the Korean Forest Economics Society and as Board Member of the Korea Society of Forest Policy. His major publications include the books Introduction to Forest Science, Forest Management: Concepts and Applications, and Localization and Rural Development.

저자(글) 구창덕

He graduated from the Seoul National University with a degree in Forest Science, and got a Ph. D. in Forest Science at Oregon State University, USA. He is now a professor in the Forest Science Department at Chungbuk National University. He worked as a researcher for the Korea Forest Research Institute, an invited scientist for the Korean Science Foundation, and a board member for the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology. He has been the co-author of university-level textbooks such as Ecological Management of Forest, Mushroom Sciences Crop Details, and Forest Protection.

저자(글) 김의경

After graduating from the Dept. of Forestry, Seoul National University, he received a Ph. D. in Agriculture from Kyoto University in Japan. He is currently a professor at the Division of Environmental Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University. He served as President of the Korean Forest Economics Society and the Consilience Research Association of Sustainability, and as Policy Advisor of the Korea Forest Service. His major books include Global Warming and Forests, Introduction to Forest Science, and Forestry Policy.

저자(글)

He received a B. S. degree at the Dept. of Forestry, Seoul National University, and a Ph. D. in Agriculture at the University of Tokyo, Japan. He is currently a professor at the Dept. of Environment & Forest Resources, Chungnam National University. He was the Steering Committee Leader of the Northeast Asian Forest Forum, Co-Leader of Forest for Life in Daejon-Chungnam, and Member of the Forest Policy Evaluation Committee, Korea Forest Service. His major publications include the books Forest Policy, Introduction of World Forest Resources―South East Asia, and Environmental Policy.