Physical Models

Bill Addis , Karl-Eugen Kurrer , Werner Lorenz 지음

Ernst & Sohn 2020년 09월 25일 출간

작품소개

책소개

Physical models have been, and continue to be used by engineers when faced with unprecedented challenges, when engineering science has been non-existent or inadequate, and in any other situation when the engineer has needed to raise their confidence in a design proposal to a sufficient level to begin construction. For this reason, models have mostly been used by designers and constructors of highly innovative projects, when previous experience has not been available. The book covers the history of using of physical models in the design and development of civil and building engineering projects including bridges in the mid-18th century, William Fairbairn?s Britannia bridge in the 1840s, the masonry Aswan Dam in the 1890s, concrete dams in the 1920s, thin concrete shell roofs and the dynamic behaviour of tall buildings in earthquakes from the 1930s, tidal flow in estuaries and the acoustics of concert halls from the 1950s, and cable-net and membrane structures in the 1960s. Traditionally, progress in engineering has been attributed to the creation and use of engineering science, the understanding materials properties and the development of new construction methods. The book argues that the use of reduced scale models have played an equally important part in the development of civil and building engineering. However, like the history of engineering design itself, this crucial contribution has not been widely reported or celebrated. The book concludes with reviews of the current use of physical models alongside computer models, for example, in boundary layer wind tunnels, room acoustics, seismic engineering, hydrology, and air flow in buildings.

목차

Preface Construction History Series (by Karl-Eugen Kurrer) Foreword (by Werner Sobek) Introduction (by Bill Addis) SECTION A - PHYSICAL MODELS FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE 1880s 1 Dirk Buhler: Models in civil engineering from ancient times to the Industrial Revolution 2 Santiago Huerta: Block models of the masonry arch and vault 3 Rainer Graefe: The catenary and the line of thrust as a means for shaping arches and vaults 4 Andreas Kahlow: Leonhard Euler and the model tests for a 300 metre timber arched bridge in St. Petersburg 5 Dennis Smith: The use of models in early nineteenth-century British suspension bridge design 6 Bill Addis: Models used during the design of the Conwy and Britannia tubular bridges SECTION B - PHYSICAL MODELS USED IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN, 1890s-1930s 7 Mike Chrimes: The use of models to inform the structural design of dams, 1890-1940 8 Bill Addis: Models used during the design of the Boulder Dam 9 Roland May: The role of models in the early development of Zeiss-Dywidag shells 10 Mario Chiorino & Gabriele Neri: Model testing of structures in pre-war Italy; the School of Arturo Danusso 11 Joaquin Antuna: Eduardo Torroja and his use of models up to 1936 12 Bill Addis: Photoelastic stress analysis SECTION C - PHYSICAL MODELS USED IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN, 1940s TO 1980s 13 Bernard Espion: Structural modelling technique 14 Christiane Weber: Physical modelling at the University of Stuttgart 15 Mario Chiorino & Gabriele Neri: Model testing of structures in post-war Italy: the activity of ISMES 1951-1974 16 Joaquin Antuna: Eduardo Torroja and his use of models from 1939 17 Edwin Trout: Scale models for structural testing at the Cement and Concrete Association, UK: 1951-73 18 Pepa Casinello: Heinz Hossdorf: his contribution to the development of physical model testing 19 Berthold Burkhardt: Soap film and soap bubble models 20 Lukas Ingold: The model a

작가정보

저자(글) Bill Addis

Bill Addis, born in 1949, studied engineering sciences and philosophy at the University of Cambridge before working as an engineer in the aerospace industry. He later spent over 15 years in the Department of Construction Management at the University of Reading, and then 15 years as a consulting engineering with the firm Buro Happold in London. He developed his interest in building and civil engineering history, and in the use of model testing during five decades, including work on his doctorate on the history and philosophy of engineering. He has written several books and over a hundred academic papers on the history of building engineering and construction, and has recently been enjoying lecturing and research as a visiting professor in universities in Rome, Innsbruck, San Sebastian, Zurich, Brussels and Munich.

저자(글) Karl-Eugen Kurrer

저자(글) Werner Lorenz