Creating Cultures of Thinking

Ron Ritchhart 지음

Jossey-Bass 2015년 02월 23일 출간

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Discover why and how schools must become places where thinking is valued, visible, and actively promoted As educators, parents, and citizens, we must settle for nothing less than environments that bring out the best in people, take learning to the next level, allow for great discoveries, and propel both the individual and the group forward into a lifetime of learning. This is something all teachers want and all students deserve. In Creating Cultures of Thinking: The 8 Forces We Must Master to Truly Transform Our Schools, Ron Ritchhart, author of Making Thinking Visible, explains how creating a culture of thinking is more important to learning than any particular curriculum and he outlines how any school or teacher can accomplish this by leveraging 8 cultural forces: expectations, language, time, modeling, opportunities, routines, interactions, and environment. With the techniques and rich classroom vignettes throughout this book, Ritchhart shows that creating a culture of thinking is not about just adhering to a particular set of practices or a general expectation that people should be involved in thinking. A culture of thinking produces the feelings, energy, and even joy that can propel learning forward and motivate us to do what at times can be hard and challenging mental work.

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List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xi About the Author xiii INTRODUCTION Demystifying Group and Organizational Culture 1 A New Standard for Education 5 The Forces that Shape Culture 6 Tools for Transformation 10 ONE The Purpose and Promise of Schools 13 Thinking Differently about Outcomes 16 Teaching as Enculturation 19 Culture as the Enactment of a Story 20 Enacting Our New Story, Realizing Our Vision 34 Uncovering the Story of Your School or Classroom 35 TWO Expectations: Recognizing How Our Beliefs Shape Our Behavior 37 Focusing Students on the Learning vs. the Work 43 Teaching for Understanding vs. Knowledge 47 Encouraging Deep vs. Surface Learning Strategies 50 Encouraging Independence vs. Dependence 54 Developing a Growth vs. a Fixed Mindset 55 Exploring and Developing Expectations 59 THREE Language: Appreciating Its Subtle Yet Profound Power 61 The Language of Thinking 68 The Language of Community 71 The Language of Identity 74 The Language of Initiative 75 The Language of Mindfulness 78 The Language of Praise and Feedback 81 The Language of Listening 82 Leveraging Language 84 Becoming Proficient Users of the Languages of the Classroom 85 FOUR Time: Learning to Be Its Master Rather Than Its Victim 87 Recognizing Time as a Statement of Your Values 96 Learning to Prioritize and Always Prioritizing Learning 98 Giving Thinking Time 102 Investing Time to Make Time 105 Managing Energy, Not Time 107 It&'s Time to Rethink Time 110 Getting a Better Perspective on Time 112 FIVE Modeling: Seeing Ourselves through Our Students&' Eyes 115 Dispositional Apprenticeship: Being a Role Model of Learning and Thinking 125 Cognitive Apprenticeship: Ma

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저자(글) Ron Ritchhart

RON RITCHHART is a senior research associate with Project Zero at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, where he directs the worldwide Cultures of Thinking Project. He is also a fellow at the University of Melbourne, Australia, and a recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics Teaching.