Spatial Simulation

David O'Sullivan 지음

Wiley-Blackwell 2013년 08월 05일 출간

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책소개

A ground-up approach to explaining dynamicspatial modelling for an interdisciplinary audience.Across broad areas of the environmental and social sciences, simulation models are an important way to study systems inaccessible to scientific experimental and observational methods, and also an essential complement to those more conventional approaches. The contemporary research literature is teeming with abstract simulation models whose presentation is mathematically demanding and requires a high level of knowledge of quantitative and computational methods and approaches. Furthermore, simulation models designed to represent specific systems and phenomena are often complicated, and, as a result, difficult to reconstruct from their descriptions in the literature. This book aims to provide a practical and accessible account of dynamic spatial modelling, while also equipping readers with a sound conceptual foundation in the subject, and a useful introduction to the wide-ranging literature.Spatial Simulation: Exploring Pattern and Process is organised around the idea that a small number of spatial processes underlie the wide variety of dynamic spatial models. Its central focus on three lsquo;building-blocks' of dynamic spatial models n- forces of attraction and segregation, individual mobile entities, and processes of spread n- guides the reader to an understanding of the basis of many of the complicated models found in the research literature. The three building block models are presented in their simplest form and are progressively elaborated and related to real world process that can be represented using them. Introductory chapters cover essential background topics, particularly the relationships between pattern, process and spatiotemporal scale. Additional chapters consider how time and space can be represented in more complicated models, and methods for the analysis and evaluation o

목차

Foreword xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xixIntroduction xxiAbout the Companion Website xxv1 Spatial Simulation Models: What? Why? How? 11.1 What are simulation models? 21.1.1 Conceptual models 41.1.2 Physical models 71.1.3 Mathematical models 71.1.4 Empirical models 81.1.5 Simulation models 91.2 How do we use simulation models? 121.2.1 Using models for prediction 131.2.2 Models as guides to data collection 131.2.3 Models as ‘tools to think with&' 141.3 Why do we use simulation models? 151.3.1 When experimental science is difficult (or impossible) 161.3.2 Complexity and nonlinear dynamics 181.4 Why dynamic and spatial models? 231.4.1 The strengths and weaknesses of highly general models 231.4.2 From abstract to more realistic models: controlling the cost 272 Pattern, Process and Scale 292.1 Thinking about spatiotemporal patterns and processes 302.1.1 What is a pattern? 302.1.2 What is a process? 312.1.3 Scale 322.2 Using models to explore spatial patterns and processes 382.2.1 Reciprocal links between pattern and process: a spatial model of forest structure 392.2.2 Characterising patterns: first- and second-order structure 402.2.3 Using null models to evaluate patterns 432.2.4 Density-based (first-order) null models 462.2.5 Interaction-based (second-order) null models 482.2.6 Inferring process from (spatio-temporal) pattern 492.2.7 Making the virtual forest more realistic 532.3 Conclusions 563 Aggregation and Segregation 573.1 Background and motivating examples 583.1.1 Basics of (discrete spatial) model structure 593.2 Local averaging 603.2.1 Local averaging with noise 633.3 Totalistic automata 643.3.1 Majority rules 653.3.2 Twisted majority an

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저자(글) David O'Sullivan

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David O'Sullivan and George L.W. PerryUniversity of Auckland, New Zealand