Language and Computers

Markus Dickinson 지음

Wiley-Blackwell 2012년 08월 20일 출간

작품소개

책소개

Language and Computers introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. Concepts are grounded in real-world examples familiar to students' experiences of using language and computers in everyday life.A real-world introduction to the fundamentals of how computers process language, written specifically for the undergraduate audience, introducing key concepts from computational linguistics. Offers a comprehensive explanation of the problems computers face in handling natural language Covers a broad spectrum of language-related applications and issues, including major computer applications involving natural language and the social and ethical implications of these new developments The book focuses on real-world examples with which students can identify, using these to explore the technology and how it works Features ldquo;under-the-hoodrdquo; sections that give greater detail on selected advanced topics, rendering the book appropriate for more advanced courses, or for independent study by the motivated reader.

목차

What This Book Is About xiOverview for Instructors xiiiAcknowledgments xvii1 Prologue : Encoding Language on Computers 11.1 Where do we start? 11.1.1 Encoding language 21.2 Writing systems used for human languages 21.2.1 Alphabetic systems 31.2.2 Syllabic systems 61.2.3 Logographic writing systems 81.2.4 Systems with unusual realization 111.2.5 Relation to language 111.3 Encoding written language 121.3.1 Storing information on a computer 121.3.2 Using bytes to store characters 141.4 Encoding spoken language 171.4.1 The nature of speech 171.4.2 Articulatory properties 181.4.3 Acoustic properties 181.4.4 Measuring speech 20Under the Hood 1: Reading a spectrogram 211.4.5 Relating written and spoken language 24Under the Hood 2: Language modeling for automatic speech recognition 262 Writers&' Aids 332.1 Introduction 332.2 Kinds of spelling errors 342.2.1 Nonword errors 352.2.2 Real-word errors 372.3 Spell checkers 382.3.1 Nonword error detection 392.3.2 Isolated-word spelling correction 41Under the Hood 3: Dynamic programming 442.4 Word correction in context 492.4.1 What is grammar? 50Under the Hood 4: Complexity of languages 562.4.2 Techniques for correcting words in context 58Under the Hood 5: Spell checking for web queries 622.5 Style checkers 643 Language Tutoring Systems 693.1 Learning a language 693.2 Computer-assisted language learning 713.3 Why make CALL tools aware of language? 733.4 What is involved in adding linguistic analysis? 763.4.1 Tokenization 763.4.2 Part-of-speech tagging 783.4.3 Beyond words 803.5 An example ICALL system: TAGARELA 813.6 Modeling the learner 834 Searching 914.1 Introduction 914.2 Sear

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저자(글) Markus Dickinson

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Markus Dickinson is Assistant Professor at the Department of Linguistics, Indiana University and currently the director of the Computational Linguistics program. His research focuses on improving linguistic annotation for natural language processing technology and automatically analyzing the language of second language learners. Chris Brew is a Senior Research Scientist with the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, where he is currently the scientific lead for the c-rater project on automated short answer grading. He has been active in Natural Language Processing for over 20 years, first in the UK, then as Associate Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at The Ohio State University, where he co-directed the Speech and Language Technologies Laboratory, as well as the Computational Linguistics Program.Detmar Meurers is Professor of Computational Linguistics and head of the Theoretical Computational Linguistics group at the University of Tuuml;bingen. He has a longstanding commitment to teaching Computational Linguistics and Linguistics in a way that combines current technology and research issues with the fundamentals of the field. His research emphasizes the role of linguistic insight and linguistic models in Computational Linguistics. His most recent research adds a focus on theory and applications related to second language acquisition.