Estimating the Flammable Mass of a Vapor Cloud

John L. Woodward 지음

Wiley-AIChE 2010년 09월 17일 출간

작품소개

책소개

This CCPS Concept book shows designers and operators of chemical facilities how to realistically estimate the flammable mass in a cloud of accidentally released material that is capable of igniting. It provides information on industry experience with flammable vapor clouds, basic concepts of fires and explosions, and an overview of related computer programs.

목차

Preface.Acknowledgments.Glossary.Nomenclature.1. Introduction.1.1 Why Calculate Flammable Mass?1.2 How Are Flammable Mass Estimates Used?1.3 Other CCPS Publications.2. Overview.2.1 Context.2.2 Objectives.2.3 How to Use Thus Book.3. Industry Experiences with Flammable Vapor Clouds.3.1 Property Losses from Vapor Cloud Accidents.3.2 Examples of Vapor Clouds Events.3.2.1 Bangkok, Thailand, LPG Vapor Cloud.3.2.2 Saint Herblain, France, Gasoline Cloud, October 7, 1991.3.2.3 Pampa, Texas, Hoechst-Celanese Explosion, November 17, 1987.3.2.4 Monsanto Ethanol Explosion, Autumn, 1970.3.2.5 Mexico City Vapor Cloud and Explosion, November 19, 1984.3.2.6 Pasadena, Texas Fire and Explosion, October 23, 1989.3.3 Examples with Postaccident Determination of Flammable Mass.3.3.1 Fixborough Vapor Cloud Explosion, June 1, 1974.3.3.2 Piper Alpha North Sea Platform Fire, July 6, 1988.3.3.3 DSM Naphtha Cracker, Beek, the Netherlands, 7 November 1975.4. Basic Concept&-Fluid Flow, Fires, and Explosions.4.1 Discharge Characteristics.4.1.1 Single-Phase Discharge Rates from Tanks.4.1.2 Single-Phase Discharge Rates from Pipes.4.1.3 Two-Phase Discharge Rates from Tanks.4.1.4 Two-Phase Discharge Rates from Pipes.4.1.5 Aerosol Formation and Drop Size Correlations.4.1.6 Rainout.4.1.7 Pool Spread and Evaporation on Land.4.2 Dispersion Factors.4.2.1 Jet Mixing.4.2.2 Meteorology.4.2.3 Surface Roughness and Terrain.4.2.4 Averaging Time.4.2.5 Impingement and Catering.4.2.6 Obstacle Effects.4.3 Sources of Ignition.4.4 Flame Characteristics.4.4.1 Flammable Limits.4.4.2 Flammable Limits with Inerts.4.4.3 Autoignition Temperature for Gases.4.4.4 Minimum Ignition Energy for Gases.4.4.5 Flash Point.4.4.6 Laminar Burning Velocity and Turbulent Flame Speed.4.5 Aerosol Flammability.4.6 Turbulence Effects.4.6.1 Turbulence Effects o

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저자(글) John L. Woodward